Furuki Katsuya, Hirata Mamoru, Kage Akira
Odachi Clinic (Institute of Occupational Health System), Japan.
Ind Health. 2006 Jan;44(1):150-4. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.44.150.
In order to clarify the real condition of occupational health (OH) activities in small-scale enterprises (SSEs) at the nationwide level, we conducted a questionnaire study sent to SSEs. We selected SSEs according to their employee numbers published in the in "Census of Workplaces in 1999".
About 2000 establishments were selected from the list in the "Census" describing the names and addresses of enterprises with 5 or more employees. The questionnaire included type of business, number of employees, independence, OH competent person, conduction of health examination, potential hazardous works and countermeasures (chemicals handling, computer work, etc), committee or other types of organizations for OH, and others.
Two hundred eleven establishments with 1-4 employees, 779 establishments with 5-9 employees, 681 establishments with 10-49 employees, 300 establishments with 50-99 employees, and 57 establishments with more than 100 employees, a total of 2,029 establishments responded to the questionnaire. The types of businesses (the number of establishments) were construction (216 establishments), manufacturing (604), transportation and communication (216), wholesale and restaurants (390) and services (602). The rate of independent enterprises was 54.1% and branches 45.9%. Indicators of OH activities including selection of OH competent person, enforcement of OH guideline for computer work, OH education about the occupational health risks, enforcement of special health examinations and general health examinations in SSEs with 1-4 and 5-9 employees were worse than SSEs with 10 or more employees.
The differences of OH activities by scale of number of employees were clarified at a nationwide level. However, OH activities in SSEs with 1-4 employees were not clarified sufficiently. Various policies and methods should be established and implemented to improve the low level of OH activities in SSEs.
为了在全国范围内阐明小型企业（SSEs）职业健康（OH）活动的实际情况，我们对小型企业开展了一项问卷调查研究。我们根据1999年《工作场所普查》公布的员工数量来选择小型企业。
从《普查》列出的5名及以上员工企业的名单中选取约2000家企业。问卷内容包括业务类型、员工数量、独立性、职业健康主管人员、健康检查开展情况、潜在危险工作及应对措施（化学品处理、计算机工作等）、职业健康委员会或其他类型的组织等。
211家有1 - 4名员工的企业、779家有5 - 9名员工的企业、681家有10 - 49名员工的企业、300家有50 - 99名员工的企业以及57家有100名以上员工的企业，共计2029家企业回复了问卷。业务类型（企业数量）包括建筑业（216家企业）、制造业（604家）、运输与通信业（216家）、批发与餐饮业（390家）以及服务业（602家）。独立企业的比例为54.1%，分支机构为45.9%。包括职业健康主管人员的选拔、计算机工作职业健康指南的执行、职业健康风险的职业健康教育、1 - 4名员工和5 - 9名员工的小型企业特殊健康检查和一般健康检查的执行等职业健康活动指标，比10名及以上员工的小型企业更差。
在全国范围内明确了职业健康活动在员工数量规模上的差异。然而，1 - 4名员工的小型企业的职业健康活动情况尚未得到充分阐明。应制定并实施各种政策和方法，以改善小型企业职业健康活动的低水平状况。
