Helbich Marco, Emmichoven Maarten J Zeylmans van, Dijst Martin J, Kwan Mei-Po, Pierik Frank H, Vries Sanne I de
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Health Place. 2016 May;39:101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
Physical inactivity among children is on the rise. Active transport to school (ATS), namely walking and cycling there, adds to children's activity level. Little is known about how exposures along actual routes influence children's transport behavior. This study examined how natural and built environments influence mode choice among Dutch children aged 6-11 years. 623 school trips were tracked with global positioning system. Natural and built environmental exposures were determined by means of a geographic information system and their associations with children's active/passive mode choice were analyzed using mixed models. The actual commuted distance is inversely associated with ATS when only personal, traffic safety, and weather features are considered. When the model is adjusted for urban environments, the results are reversed and distance is no longer significant, whereas well-connected streets and cycling lanes are positively associated with ATS. Neither green space nor weather is significant. As distance is not apparent as a constraining travel determinant when moving through urban landscapes, planning authorities should support children's ATS by providing well-designed cities.
儿童缺乏身体活动的情况正在增加。积极的上学交通方式（ATS），即步行或骑自行车上学，能提高儿童的活动水平。对于实际路线上的环境暴露如何影响儿童的交通行为，人们了解甚少。本研究调查了自然环境和建成环境如何影响6至11岁荷兰儿童的出行方式选择。利用全球定位系统追踪了623次上学行程。通过地理信息系统确定自然环境和建成环境暴露情况，并使用混合模型分析它们与儿童主动/被动出行方式选择之间的关联。当仅考虑个人、交通安全和天气因素时，实际通勤距离与积极的上学交通方式呈负相关。当模型针对城市环境进行调整时，结果相反，距离不再具有显著性，而连接良好的街道和自行车道与积极的上学交通方式呈正相关。绿地和天气因素均无显著性。由于在城市环境中出行时距离并非明显的出行限制因素，规划部门应通过建设精心设计的城市来支持儿童积极的上学交通方式。
