Mayer S, Baechler S, Damet J, Elmiger R, Frei D, Giannini S, Leupin A, Sarott F, Schuh R
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2016 Sep;170(1-4):433-6. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw048. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
Individual monitoring for both external and internal exposures is well regulated in Switzerland. The article gives an overview on the occupational exposure to external radiation of workers based on the data collected in the Swiss national dose registry (NDR) in 2013. The NDR records the monthly doses of radiation workers since the introduction of ICRP 60 recommendations and is manifested in the Swiss ordinance since 1994. Annual dose limits for effective dose are typically exceeded once a year in Switzerland, mostly in medicine. The NDR is a useful optimisation tool to identify and characterise areas with the highest exposures. While exceeded dose limits were often related to accidental acute exposure in the past, they are now more related to continuous exposure during normal work, especially in medicine.
在瑞士，针对外部和内部暴露的个人监测都受到严格监管。本文基于2013年瑞士国家剂量登记处（NDR）收集的数据，概述了工人的职业性外部辐射暴露情况。自国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）第60号建议出台以来，NDR记录了辐射工作人员的月度剂量，自1994年起在瑞士法令中有所体现。在瑞士，有效剂量的年度剂量限值通常每年会被超过一次，大多发生在医疗领域。NDR是一个有用的优化工具，可用于识别和描述暴露最高的区域。过去，超过剂量限值往往与意外急性暴露有关，而现在则更多地与正常工作期间的持续暴露有关，尤其是在医疗领域。
