Fascilla Fabiana D, Cramarossa Paola, Cannone Rossella, Olivieri Claudiana, Vimercati Antonella, Exacoustos Caterina
II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy -
Minerva Ginecol. 2016 Jun;68(3):297-312. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Myomas represent a large part of benign gynecological pathology, widely spread in fertile female population. First step to diagnose fibroids is ultrasound (US) that can be 2-dimensional (2D), 3-dimensional (3D), Color Doppler (CD) and sonohysterography (SHG). This review develops according to MUSA's sonographic features (Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment). One of the main topic of interest for ultrasonographer today is endo/myometrial junctional zone (JZ), because it may be useful to discern a diagnosis of myoma and adenomyosis. Another important aspect of ultrasound is the analysis of vascularization in front of a uterine lesion. Indeed, vascular pattern can be used to make differential diagnosis between myoma-adenomyosis and leiomyosarcomas. Myomas should be described accurately according to sonographic guidelines. Sonographic features correlated with symptoms should guide an appropriate surgical or medical treatment.
子宫肌瘤是妇科良性病变的重要组成部分，在育龄女性群体中广泛存在。诊断子宫肌瘤的第一步是超声检查（US），包括二维（2D）、三维（3D）、彩色多普勒（CD）和子宫输卵管声学造影（SHG）。本综述根据MUSA的超声特征（子宫形态学超声评估）展开。如今超声检查人员关注的主要话题之一是内膜/肌层交界区（JZ），因为它可能有助于鉴别子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病。超声检查的另一个重要方面是分析子宫病变前的血管化情况。实际上，血管模式可用于鉴别子宫肌瘤-子宫腺肌病和平滑肌肉瘤。应根据超声检查指南准确描述子宫肌瘤。与症状相关的超声特征应指导适当的手术或药物治疗。
