Gao Jing, Liu Guoji, Li Hongping, Xu Li, Du Lili, Yang Bo
School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
Zhongyuan Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2016 Jul;39(7):1115-27. doi: 10.1007/s00449-016-1588-7. Epub 2016 Mar 26.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used in treating the sewage sludge, as it can reduce the amount of sludge, eliminate pathogens and produce biofuel. To enhance the operational performance and stability of anaerobic bioreactors, operational and conventional chemical data from full-scale sludge anaerobic digesters were collected over a 2-year period and summarized, and the microbial community diversity of the sludge sample was investigated at various stages of the AD process. For the purpose of distinguishing between the functional and community diversity of the microbes, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) software was used to impute the prevalence of 16S rDNA marker gene sequences in the difference in various sludge samples. Meanwhile, a taxa analysis was also carried out to investigate the different sludge samples. The microbial community diversity analysis of one AD sludge sample showed that the most dominant bacterial genera were Saccharicrinis, Syntrophus, Anaerotruncus and Thermanaerothrix. Among archaea, acetoclastic Methanosaeta represented 56.0 %, and hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum, Methanoculleus, Methanothermus and Methanolinea accounted for 41.3 % of all methanogens. The taxa, genetic and functional prediction analyses of the feedstock and AD sludge samples suggested great community diversity differences between them. The taxa of bacteria in two AD sludge samples were considerably different, but the abundances of the functional KEGG pathways took on similar levels. The numbers of identified pathogens were significantly lower in the digested sludge than in the feedstock, but the PICRUSt results showed the difference in "human diseases" abundances in the level-1 pathway between the two sludge samples was small.
厌氧消化（AD）被广泛应用于处理污水污泥，因为它可以减少污泥量、消除病原体并生产生物燃料。为了提高厌氧生物反应器的运行性能和稳定性，在两年时间内收集并总结了来自全尺寸污泥厌氧消化器的运行和常规化学数据，并在厌氧消化过程的各个阶段研究了污泥样品的微生物群落多样性。为了区分微生物的功能多样性和群落多样性，使用了通过重建未观察状态进行群落系统发育研究（PICRUSt）软件来估算不同污泥样品中16S rDNA标记基因序列差异的流行率。同时，还进行了分类分析以研究不同的污泥样品。对一个厌氧消化污泥样品的微生物群落多样性分析表明，最主要的细菌属是糖杆菌属、互营菌属、厌氧短杆菌属和嗜热栖热菌属。在古菌中，乙酸营养型的甲烷鬃菌占56.0%，而氢营养型的甲烷螺菌属、甲烷袋状菌属、甲烷热菌属和甲烷线菌属占所有产甲烷菌的41.3%。原料和厌氧消化污泥样品的分类、遗传和功能预测分析表明它们之间存在很大的群落多样性差异。两个厌氧消化污泥样品中的细菌分类有很大不同，但功能KEGG途径的丰度处于相似水平。消化污泥中已鉴定病原体的数量明显低于原料中的数量，但PICRUSt结果表明，两个污泥样品在一级途径中“人类疾病”丰度的差异很小。
