Gehring Caroline, Siepmann Timo, Heidegger Helene, Jeschke Udo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Freiberger Str. 37, 01067 Dresden, Germany.
Breast. 2016 Apr;26:135-40. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Breast cancer is the most often diagnosed tumor of women and one of the leading cause of cancer related death. Due to different known risk factors there are epidemiological differences. Beside genetic disorders and patient's age it is especially the age of the first full-term pregnancy and in this context the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin that seems to play an important role.
This review is based on a PubMed research in publications of the last 20 years. Only articles in English language were considered.
The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on development of cancer is controversial. In fact, for breast cancer there is evidence that this hormone has a protective effect against tumorigenesis due the differentiation of the mammary tissue after a full term pregnancy through the downregulation of estrogen receptors.
Human chorionic gonadotropin has among promoting pregnancy important controversial functions especially in tumor development. The mechanisms that explain the pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects are not fully understood yet. It seems to have a protective effect on breast cancer through increasing differentiation and hereby decreasing susceptibility of the mammary tissue for toxicants. This knowledge might help developing a preventive agent in the next future that uses the anti-carcinogenic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and thereby decrease the mortality out of breast cancer.
乳腺癌是女性中最常被诊断出的肿瘤，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。由于不同的已知风险因素，存在流行病学差异。除了遗传疾病和患者年龄外，首次足月妊娠的年龄，以及在此背景下的妊娠激素人绒毛膜促性腺激素似乎起着重要作用。
本综述基于对过去20年发表在PubMed上的研究。仅考虑英文文章。
人绒毛膜促性腺激素对癌症发展的影响存在争议。事实上，对于乳腺癌，有证据表明，由于足月妊娠后乳腺组织通过下调雌激素受体而分化，这种激素对肿瘤发生具有保护作用。
人绒毛膜促性腺激素在促进妊娠方面具有重要的争议性功能，尤其是在肿瘤发展方面。解释其促癌和抗癌作用的机制尚未完全了解。它似乎通过增加分化从而降低乳腺组织对毒物的易感性，对乳腺癌具有保护作用。这一知识可能有助于在未来开发一种预防剂，利用人绒毛膜促性腺激素的抗癌作用，从而降低乳腺癌的死亡率。
