Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2016;12:281-305. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093436.
People with emotional disorders, such as social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression, demonstrate a consistent tendency, or bias, to generate negative interpretations of ambiguous material. This is different from people without emotional disorders who tend, in general, to make positive interpretations of ambiguity. If central components of an emotional disorder have high levels of inherent ambiguity (e.g., concern about the negative perceptions of others in SAD, or worry in GAD), then interpretive bias may have a causal maintaining role, and this has been demonstrated in studies using cognitive bias modification techniques. This research has also shown that interpretation biases combine with other cognitive processes, such as imagery and memory, which could exacerbate distress. Psychological interventions will benefit from effectively targeting negative interpretations, and future experimental research can inform ways to improve facilitation of more benign inferential processing to maximize amelioration of key components of emotional disorders.
患有情感障碍的人，如社交焦虑症（SAD）、广泛性焦虑症（GAD）和抑郁症，表现出一种持续的倾向或偏见，即对模棱两可的材料产生负面解释。这与没有情感障碍的人不同，他们通常倾向于对模棱两可的情况做出积极的解释。如果情感障碍的核心成分具有高度的内在模糊性（例如，在 SAD 中担心他人的负面看法，或在 GAD 中担心），那么解释偏差可能具有因果维持作用，这已在使用认知偏差修正技术的研究中得到证明。这项研究还表明，解释偏差与其他认知过程（如意象和记忆）结合在一起，可能会加剧痛苦。心理干预将受益于有效地针对负面解释，未来的实验研究可以提供信息，以改善更良性的推理处理的促进，以最大限度地改善情感障碍的关键成分。
