Makhubele Tinyiko G, Steel Helen C, Anderson Ronald, van Dyk Gisela, Theron Annette J, Rossouw Theresa M
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa.
Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:9026573. doi: 10.1155/2016/9026573. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
Little is known about immune activation profiles of children infected with HIV-1 subtype C. The current study compared levels of selected circulating biomarkers of immune activation in HIV-1 subtype C-infected untreated mothers and their children with those of healthy controls. Multiplex bead array, ELISA, and immunonephelometric procedures were used to measure soluble CD14 (sCD14), beta-2 microglobulin (β2M), CRP, MIG, IP-10, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Levels of all 6 biomarkers were significantly elevated in the HIV-infected mothers and, with the exception of MIG, in their children (P < 0.01-P < 0.0001). The effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and maternal smoking on these biomarkers were also assessed. With the exception of TGF-β1, which was unchanged in the children 12 months after therapy, initiation of ART was accompanied by decreases in the other biomarkers. Regression analysis revealed that although most biomarkers were apparently unaffected by smoking, exposure of children to maternal smoking was associated with a significant increase in IP-10. These findings demonstrate that biomarkers of immune activation are elevated in HIV-infected children pre-ART and decline, with the exception of TGF-β1, after therapy. Although preliminary, elevation of IP-10 in smoke-exposed infants is consistent with a higher level of immune activation in this group.
关于感染HIV-1 C亚型的儿童的免疫激活情况，人们所知甚少。本研究比较了感染HIV-1 C亚型且未经治疗的母亲及其子女与健康对照者中选定的循环免疫激活生物标志物的水平。采用多重微珠阵列、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）和免疫比浊法来测量可溶性CD14（sCD14）、β2微球蛋白（β2M）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1γ（MIG）、干扰素诱导蛋白10（IP-10）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）。所有6种生物标志物的水平在感染HIV的母亲中均显著升高，除MIG外，在其子女中也显著升高（P<0.01 - P<0.0001）。还评估了抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）和母亲吸烟对这些生物标志物的影响。除治疗12个月后儿童体内未发生变化的TGF-β1外启动ART后，其他生物标志物水平均下降。回归分析显示，虽然大多数生物标志物显然不受吸烟影响，但儿童接触母亲吸烟与IP-10显著升高有关。这些发现表明，免疫激活生物标志物在接受ART治疗前的HIV感染儿童中升高，治疗后除TGF-β1外均下降。虽然是初步结果，但暴露于烟雾中的婴儿体内IP-10升高与该组较高的免疫激活水平一致。
