F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Group SHE, CH-4070 Basle, Switzerland.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2013 Mar 18;2(1):115-62. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics2010115.
An environmental risk assessment (ERA) for the aquatic compartment in Europe from human use was developed for the old antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP), comparing exposure and effects. The exposure assessment is based on European risk assessment default values on one hand and is refined with documented human use figures in Western Europe from IMS Health and measured removal in wastewater treatment on the other. The resulting predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) are compared with measured environmental concentrations (MECs) from Europe, based on a large dataset incorporating more than 1800 single MECs. On the effects side, available chronic ecotoxicity data from the literature were complemented by additional, new chronic results for fish and other organisms. Based on these data, chronic-based deterministic predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived as well as two different probabilistic PNEC ranges. The ERA compares surface water PECs and MECs with aquatic PNECs for TMP. Based on all the risk characterization ratios (PEC÷PNEC as well as MEC÷PNEC) and risk graphs, there is no significant risk to surface waters.
针对人类使用的旧抗生素甲氧苄啶（TMP）在欧洲进行了水生环境风险评估（ERA），比较了暴露情况和影响。暴露评估一方面基于欧洲风险评估默认值，另一方面通过 IMS Health 记录的西欧人类使用数据和废水处理中的实测去除率进行了精细化处理。由此产生的预测环境浓度（PEC）与欧洲的实测环境浓度（MEC）进行了比较，这些 MEC 数据来自一个包含 1800 多个单一 MEC 的大型数据集。在影响方面，利用文献中现有的慢性生态毒性数据，并补充了鱼类和其他生物的新的慢性毒性数据。基于这些数据，推导出了基于慢性的确定性无影响浓度（PNEC）以及两种不同的概率性 PNEC 范围。该 ERA 比较了 TMP 的地表水 PEC 和 MEC 与水生 PNEC。基于所有风险特征化比值（PEC/PNEC 和 MEC/PNEC）和风险图，地表水没有显著风险。
