Darabos Katie, Hoyt Michael A
Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
J Behav Med. 2017 Apr;40(2):259-270. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9739-5. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Beliefs that men should restrict their display of emotions, or restrictive emotionality, might contribute to adjustment to cancer and this might be sensitive to social receptivity to disclosure. The present research examined relationships of restrictive emotionality, social constraints, and psychological distress in young adults with testicular cancer (N = 171; Study 1) and older men with prostate cancer (N = 66; Study 2). Study 1: positive associations were observed for social constraints and restrictive emotionality with depressive symptoms. Social constraints moderated the relationship, such that high restrictive emotionality was associated with higher depressive symptoms in those with high constraints. Study 2: only social constraints (and not restrictive emotionality) was positively associated with depressive symptoms and cancer-related intrusive thoughts. The social constraints × restrictive emotionality interaction approached significance with depressive symptoms, such with high social constraints low restrictive emotionality was associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to those with less constraints. No significant associations were found for intrusive thoughts in either study. Findings demonstrate unique relationships with psychological distress across the lifespan of men with cancer given perception of constraints and adherence to masculine norms about emotionality.
男性应该限制情绪表达的观念，即限制性情绪表达，可能有助于对癌症的适应，而且这可能对社会对披露情绪的接受度敏感。本研究考察了患有睾丸癌的年轻男性（N = 171；研究1）和患有前列腺癌的老年男性（N = 66；研究2）的限制性情绪表达、社会限制和心理困扰之间的关系。研究1：观察到社会限制和限制性情绪表达与抑郁症状呈正相关。社会限制起到了调节作用，即高限制性情绪表达在高社会限制的人群中与更高的抑郁症状相关。研究2：只有社会限制（而非限制性情绪表达）与抑郁症状和癌症相关的侵入性思维呈正相关。社会限制×限制性情绪表达的交互作用在抑郁症状方面接近显著水平，即与社会限制较少的人相比，社会限制高且限制性情绪表达低的人抑郁症状更高。在两项研究中，侵入性思维均未发现显著关联。研究结果表明，考虑到对限制的认知以及对男性情绪规范的遵守，癌症男性在整个生命周期中与心理困扰存在独特的关系。
