Kaczmarek Joanna, Kedziora Andrzej, Brachaczek Andrzej, Latunde-Dada Akinwunmi O, Dakowska Sylwia, Karg Grzegorz, Jedryczka Małgorzata
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznan, Poland.
Aerobiologia (Bologna). 2016;32:39-51. doi: 10.1007/s10453-015-9404-4. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
are closely related sibling fungal pathogens that cause phoma leaf spotting, stem canker (blackleg) and stem necrosis of oilseed rape (). The disease is distributed worldwide, and it is one of the main causes of considerable decrease in seed yield and quality. Information about the time of ascospore release at a particular location provides important data for decision making in plant protection, thereby enabling fungicides to be used only when necessary and at optimal times and doses. Although the pathogens have been studied very extensively, the effect of climate change on the frequencies and distributions of their aerially dispersed primary inoculum has not been reported to date. We have collected a large dataset of spore counts from Poznan, located in central-west part of Poland, and studied the relationships between climate and the daily concentrations of airborne propagules over a period of 17 years (1998-2014). The average air temperature and precipitation for the time of development of pseudothecia and ascospore release (July-November), increased during the years under study at the rates of 0.1 °C and 6.3 mm per year. The day of the year (DOY) for the first detection of spores, as well as the date with maximum of spores, shifted from 270 to 248 DOY, and from 315 to 265 DOY, respectively. The acceleration of the former parameter by 22 days and the latter by 50 days has great influence on the severity of stem canker of oilseed rape.
是密切相关的姊妹真菌病原体，可引起油菜的叶点霉叶斑病、茎溃疡病（黑胫病）和茎坏死。该病在全球范围内分布，是种子产量和质量大幅下降的主要原因之一。特定地点子囊孢子释放时间的信息为植物保护决策提供了重要数据，从而使杀菌剂仅在必要时、最佳时间和剂量下使用。尽管对这些病原体已经进行了非常广泛的研究，但气候变化对其空中传播的初级接种体频率和分布的影响迄今尚未见报道。我们收集了位于波兰中西部的波兹南的大量孢子计数数据集，并研究了17年（1998 - 2014年）期间气候与空气中传播体每日浓度之间的关系。在研究期间，假囊壳发育和子囊孢子释放时间（7月至11月）的平均气温和降水量分别以每年0.1℃和6.3毫米的速度上升。首次检测到孢子的一年中的日期（DOY）以及孢子数量最多的日期分别从270 DOY变为248 DOY，从315 DOY变为265 DOY。前者提前22天，后者提前50天，这对油菜茎溃疡病的严重程度有很大影响。
