Vyas Sheela, Rodrigues Ana João, Silva Joana Margarida, Tronche Francois, Almeida Osborne F X, Sousa Nuno, Sotiropoulos Ioannis
Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Department of Neuroscience Paris Seine, INSERM U1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France.
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
Neural Plast. 2016;2016:6391686. doi: 10.1155/2016/6391686. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Stress and stress hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), exert widespread actions in central nervous system, ranging from the regulation of gene transcription, cellular signaling, modulation of synaptic structure, and transmission and glial function to behavior. Their actions are mediated by glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors which are nuclear receptors/transcription factors. While GCs primarily act to maintain homeostasis by inducing physiological and behavioral adaptation, prolonged exposure to stress and elevated GC levels may result in neuro- and psychopathology. There is now ample evidence for cause-effect relationships between prolonged stress, elevated GC levels, and cognitive and mood disorders while the evidence for a link between chronic stress/GC and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases is growing. This brief review considers some of the cellular mechanisms through which stress and GC may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
应激及应激激素——糖皮质激素（GCs）在中枢神经系统中具有广泛作用，范围涵盖从基因转录调控、细胞信号传导、突触结构调节、神经传递及神经胶质细胞功能到行为等方面。它们的作用由糖皮质激素受体和盐皮质激素受体介导，这两种受体均为核受体/转录因子。虽然GCs主要通过诱导生理和行为适应来维持体内平衡，但长期暴露于应激及升高的GC水平可能导致神经和精神病理学改变。目前有充分证据表明长期应激、升高的GC水平与认知和情绪障碍之间存在因果关系，而慢性应激/GC与诸如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）等神经退行性疾病之间存在关联的证据也在不断增加。本简要综述探讨了应激和GC可能导致AD和PD发病机制的一些细胞机制。
