Bonache Helena, Gonzalez-Mendez Rosaura, Krahé Barbara
1 Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
2 University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
J Interpers Violence. 2019 Jan;34(2):287-309. doi: 10.1177/0886260516640776. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim's perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
尽管有充分证据表明不安全的依恋方式与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）有关，但对于这种关联背后的心理过程却知之甚少，尤其是从受害者的角度。本研究探讨了依恋方式如何直接或间接地通过破坏性冲突解决策略与性虐待和心理虐待经历相关，这些经历包括自我报告的以及归因于其异性浪漫伴侣的。在一项在线调查中，216名西班牙本科生完成了成人依恋方式、自我和伴侣所表现出的参与和回避冲突解决方式以及亲密伴侣以性胁迫和心理虐待形式造成的伤害的测量。正如预期的那样，焦虑和回避依恋方式与两种形式的伤害都直接相关。此外，通过破坏性冲突解决策略检测到了一条从焦虑依恋到IPV伤害的间接路径。具体而言，焦虑依恋的参与者报告自己和伴侣更多地采用冲突参与方式。此外，自我报告的以及在伴侣中察觉到的冲突参与与遭受性胁迫和心理虐待的可能性增加有关。回避依恋与冲突情境中更高的回避行为有关，但从回避到察觉到的伴侣冲突参与、性胁迫和心理虐待的路径并不显著。未发现这些关联存在性别差异。讨论强调了焦虑依恋在理解破坏性冲突解决策略升级模式中的作用，这可能会增加遭受IPV伤害的易感性。
