Ghahremani Leila, Harami Zahra Khiyali, Kaveh Mohammad Hossein, Keshavarzi Sareh
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail :
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(3):1157-62.
Cervical cancer is known as one of the most prevalent types of cancers and a major public health problem in developing countries which can be detected by Pap test, prevented, and treated. Despite the effective role of Pap test in decreasing the incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer, it is still one the most common causes of cancer-related deaths among women, especially in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of educational interventions implemented by health volunteers based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on promoting Pap test use among women.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 health volunteers and 420 women. The study participants were divided into an intervention and a control group. Data were collected using a valid self-reported questionnaire including demographic variables and PMT constructs which was completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 19 and were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent T-test, and descriptive statistical methods. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
The findings of this study showed that the mean scores of PMT constructs (i.e. perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, fear, response-costs, self-efficacy, and intention) increased in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding response efficacy after the intervention (P=0.06). The rate of Pap test use also increased by about 62.9% among the study women.
This study showed a significant positive relationship between PMT-based training and Pap test use. The results also revealed the successful contribution of health volunteers to training cervical cancer screening. Thus, training interventions based on PMT are suggested to be designed and implemented and health volunteers are recommended to be employed for educational purposes and promoting the community's, especially women's, health.
宫颈癌是发展中国家最常见的癌症类型之一，也是一个重大的公共卫生问题，可通过巴氏试验进行检测、预防和治疗。尽管巴氏试验在降低宫颈癌发病率和死亡率方面发挥了有效作用，但它仍是女性癌症相关死亡的最常见原因之一，尤其是在发展中国家。因此，本研究旨在探讨基于保护动机理论（PMT）的健康志愿者实施的教育干预措施对促进女性进行巴氏试验的效果。
本准实验研究对60名健康志愿者和420名女性进行。研究参与者分为干预组和对照组。使用一份有效的自填问卷收集数据，问卷包括人口统计学变量和PMT结构，两组在干预前和干预后2个月均完成该问卷。然后，将数据录入SPSS 19.0统计软件，采用卡方检验、独立样本t检验和描述性统计方法进行分析。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
本研究结果表明，干预后干预组PMT结构（即感知易感性、感知严重性、恐惧、反应成本、自我效能和意图）的平均得分有所提高（P<0.001）。然而，干预后两组在反应效能方面没有显著差异（P=0.06）。研究女性中进行巴氏试验的比例也增加了约62.9%。
本研究表明基于PMT的培训与巴氏试验的使用之间存在显著的正相关关系。结果还揭示了健康志愿者在宫颈癌筛查培训方面的成功贡献。因此，建议设计并实施基于PMT的培训干预措施，并建议聘用健康志愿者用于教育目的和促进社区尤其是女性的健康。
