Rushton Jonathan, Bruce Mieghan
Department of Production and Population Health,Royal Veterinary College,North Mymms,Hatfield AL9 7TA,UK.
Parasitology. 2017 Jan;144(1):15-25. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016000196. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
Human population increases, with greater food demands, have resulted in a rapid evolution of livestock food systems, leading to changes in land and water use. The scale of global livestock systems mean that changes in animal health status, particularly in parasite levels, have impacts that go beyond farm and sector levels. To quantify the true impact of parasites in livestock, frameworks that look at both resources and services valued in markets and those that have no true market value are required. Mitigating the effects of parasitic disease in livestock will not only increase productivity, but also improve animal welfare and human health, whilst reducing the environmental burden of livestock production systems. To measure these potential benefits, a One Health approach is needed. This paper discusses the types of methods and the data collection tools needed for a more holistic perspective and provides a framework with its application to coccidiosis in poultry. To build a body of knowledge that allows the ranking of parasite diseases in a wider animal health setting, such One Health frameworks need to be applied more frequently and with rigour. The outcome will improve the allocation of resources to critical constraints on parasite management.
人口增长以及对食物需求的增加导致了畜牧食品系统的快速演变，进而引起土地和水资源利用的变化。全球畜牧系统的规模意味着动物健康状况的变化，尤其是寄生虫水平的变化，其影响超出了农场和行业层面。为了量化寄生虫对牲畜的真正影响，需要同时考虑市场上有价值的资源和服务以及那些没有真正市场价值的资源和服务的框架。减轻牲畜寄生虫病的影响不仅会提高生产力，还会改善动物福利和人类健康，同时减轻畜牧生产系统的环境负担。为了衡量这些潜在益处，需要采取“同一健康”方法。本文讨论了从更全面的角度所需的方法类型和数据收集工具，并提供了一个框架及其在家禽球虫病中的应用。为了建立一套知识体系，以便在更广泛的动物健康背景下对寄生虫病进行排名，需要更频繁、更严格地应用此类“同一健康”框架。其结果将改善对寄生虫管理关键制约因素的资源分配。
