Plax Katie, Donnelly Jeanine, Federico Steven G, Brock Leonard, Kaczorowski Jeffrey M
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; American Academy of Pediatrics, Community Pediatrics Training Initiative, Elk Grove Village, Ill.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Community Pediatrics Training Initiative, Elk Grove Village, Ill.
Acad Pediatr. 2016 Apr;16(3 Suppl):S147-54. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.009.
Poverty has profound and enduring effects on the health and well-being of children, as well as their subsequent adult health and success. It is essential for pediatricians to work to reduce child poverty and to ameliorate its effects on children. Pediatricians have important and needed tools to do this work: authority/power as physicians, understanding of science and evidence-based approaches, and first-hand, real-life knowledge and love of children and families. These tools need to be applied in partnership with community-based organizations/leaders, educators, human service providers, business leaders, philanthropists, and policymakers. Examples of the effects of pediatricians on the issue of child poverty are seen in Ferguson, Missouri; Denver, Colorado; and Rochester, New York. In addition, national models exist such as the American Academy of Pediatrics Community Pediatrics Training Initiative, which engages numerous pediatric faculty to learn and work together to make changes for children and families who live in poverty and to teach these skills to pediatric trainees. Some key themes/lessons for a pediatrician working to make changes in a community are to bear witness to and recognize injustice for children and families; identify an area of passion; review the evidence and gain expertise on the issue; build relationships and partnerships with community leaders and organizations; and advocate for effective solutions.
贫困对儿童的健康和幸福以及他们成年后的健康和成就有着深远而持久的影响。儿科医生致力于减少儿童贫困并减轻其对儿童的影响至关重要。儿科医生有重要且必要的工具来开展这项工作：作为医生的权威/权力、对科学和循证方法的理解，以及对儿童和家庭的第一手现实生活知识和关爱。这些工具需要与社区组织/领导者、教育工作者、人类服务提供者、企业领导者、慈善家及政策制定者合作应用。在密苏里州弗格森市、科罗拉多州丹佛市和纽约州罗切斯特市可以看到儿科医生对儿童贫困问题产生影响的实例。此外，还有一些全国性的模式，比如美国儿科学会社区儿科学培训倡议，该倡议让众多儿科教员共同学习和工作，为生活贫困的儿童和家庭做出改变，并将这些技能传授给儿科实习生。儿科医生在社区中努力做出改变的一些关键主题/经验教训包括见证并认识到儿童和家庭所遭受的不公正；确定一个热情所在的领域；审视证据并获取该问题的专业知识；与社区领导者和组织建立关系与伙伴关系；以及倡导有效的解决方案。
