Katanbaf M N, Dunnington E A, Siegel P B
Department of Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0332.
Poult Sci. 1989 Mar;68(3):359-68. doi: 10.3382/ps.0680359.
Carcass composition traits and weights and lengths of organs relative to body weight were measured in females from a broiler-breeder parent stock segregating for early and late-feathering alleles maintained under four feeding regimens. Feeding regimens consisted of ad libitum (AL), ad libitum restricted (ALR, feed restricted daily), and skip-one-day and skip-two-days (SOD and STD, given two or three times ALR allowance on Day 1 and not fed on the next 1 or 2 days, respectively). At 160 days of age, pullets on SOD and STD were changed to ALR feeding; daily feed allowances were increased to 135 g by day 180 and to 138 g on day 250. Organ growth and carcass composition were generally similar for early and late-feathering genotypes. Restricted feeding increased relative weights and lengths of segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and pancreas and reduced relative weights of the abdominal fat depot (AFD) and lipid contents of the liver, AFD, and total carcass. Relative weights of legs, breast, feathers, heart, and liver and carcass protein composition were not affected by feeding regimen. Relative oviduct and ovary weights were not affected, but number of rapidly developing follicles was higher for AL than restricted-fed hens. Relationships of most organs to total body weight changed little after sexual maturity. Relative weights and lengths of GIT decreased whereas breast, legs, and AFD increased. Feed-restricted chickens adapted to fasts by retaining GIT contents longer. Feeding regimen x age interactions were significant for esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, shank, breast, legs, feathers, and AFD weights; esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and shank lengths; and lipid contents of AFD and liver.
在处于四种饲养方案下、分离早羽和晚羽等位基因的肉种鸡母本群体的雌性个体中，测量了胴体组成性状以及器官重量和相对于体重的长度。饲养方案包括自由采食（AL）、自由采食限制（ALR，每日限制采食）、隔日禁食和隔两日禁食（SOD和STD，分别在第1天给予ALR定量的两倍或三倍，接下来1天或2天不喂食）。160日龄时，采用SOD和STD方案的小母鸡改为ALR饲养；到180日龄时每日采食量增加到135克，250日龄时增加到138克。早羽和晚羽基因型的器官生长和胴体组成总体相似。限制饲养增加了胃肠道（GIT）和胰腺各段的相对重量和长度，降低了腹部脂肪沉积（AFD）的相对重量以及肝脏、AFD和整个胴体的脂质含量。腿部、胸部、羽毛、心脏和肝脏的相对重量以及胴体蛋白质组成不受饲养方案影响。输卵管和卵巢的相对重量不受影响，但自由采食的母鸡比限制饲养的母鸡快速发育卵泡的数量更多。性成熟后，大多数器官与总体重的关系变化不大。GIT的相对重量和长度下降，而胸部、腿部和AFD增加。限制饲养的鸡通过更长时间保留GIT内容物来适应禁食。饲养方案×年龄的交互作用对食管、腺胃、肌胃、小腿、胸部、腿部、羽毛和AFD重量；食管、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和小腿长度；以及AFD和肝脏的脂质含量具有显著影响。
