Giambra L M
J Clin Psychol. 1977 Oct;33(4):928-35. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n.
Covariance studies of objective depression measures have concentrated on total scores. This approach is relatively insensitive in specifying whether these instruments measure the same sub-aspects of depression. To investigate this question, a factor analysis was performed on the items of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and lists A, B, C, and D of the Lubin Depression Adjective Check Lists. Ss were 91 college students and 29 correctional institution inmates. Four clearly interpretable multimeasure factors resulted from a Varimax rotation. The most salient factor was labeled "Depression: Affective Malaise." Earlier studies also have shown this to be a dominant and reliable dimension of depression. The other factors were: Suicidal Ambivalence," "Appetite-Weight Loss," and "Fatigability." Females showed greater Fatigability associated with depression. Factors specific to the Beck and Zung measures also were found, which suggests that the different emphases of these instruments, intensity/severity vs. frequency of symptoms, may contribute very specific depression indicators. This may indicate that both intensity and frequency of symptoms ought to be considered to obtain a "best" objective measure of depression.
客观抑郁测量的协方差研究主要集中在总分上。这种方法在确定这些工具是否测量抑郁的相同子方面时相对不敏感。为了研究这个问题，对贝克抑郁量表、zung自评抑郁量表以及鲁宾抑郁形容词检查表的A、B、C和D列表中的项目进行了因素分析。研究对象为91名大学生和29名惩教机构的囚犯。经过方差最大化旋转，得到了四个清晰可解释的多测量因素。最突出的因素被标记为“抑郁：情感不适”。早期研究也表明这是抑郁的一个主要且可靠的维度。其他因素包括：“自杀矛盾情绪”、“食欲-体重减轻”和“易疲劳性”。女性在抑郁时表现出更高的易疲劳性。还发现了贝克和zung测量方法特有的因素，这表明这些工具的不同侧重点，即症状的强度/严重程度与频率，可能会产生非常具体的抑郁指标。这可能表明，为了获得抑郁的“最佳”客观测量，症状的强度和频率都应该被考虑。
