Gorenstein Clarice, Andrade Laura, Zanolo Elaine, Artes Rinaldo
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Can J Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;50(3):129-36. doi: 10.1177/070674370505000301.
This study aimed to detect the prevalence of depressive symptomatology and its expression in a nonclinical Brazilian adolescent student sample.
A sample of students from private and public schools (n = 1555, aged 13 to 17 years) answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We performed factor analysis of the BDI as an indicator of the expression of depressive symptomatology. The following cut-off scores defined nonclinical subgroups: "nondepressed," BDI < 15; "dysphoria," BDI 16 to 20; and "depressed," BDI > 20. We used discriminant analysis to test whether these subgroups could be separated by the depression-specific and nonspecific items.
The point prevalence of depression was 7.6%, according to the BDI cut-off of 20. Girls had higher scores than boys in several items. Scores increased with age. Students from public schools had higher scores than did private school students. Factor analysis showed 2 common factors for the total sample and for each sex: the cognitive affective dimension and the somatic nonspecific dimension. In the adolescents showing clinical depression, items related to self-depreciation, sense of failure, guilty feelings, self-dislike, suicidal wishes, and distortion of body image were common components of BDI factors. Discriminant analysis showed that the BDI highly discriminates depressive symptomatology in adolescent students and also measures specific aspects of depression.
The BDI is useful as a measure of specific aspects of depression in nonclinical adolescent samples; it was able to detect depression in approximately 7% of the surveyed population. The expression of depressive symptoms in a Brazilian adolescent population is compatible with international studies in this age group. Detecting depressive symptoms in a school population is a critical preventive strategy; to avoid damage to the learning process, it should be followed with further referral to treatment when needed.
本研究旨在检测巴西非临床青少年学生样本中抑郁症状的患病率及其表现形式。
来自私立和公立学校的学生样本（n = 1555，年龄13至17岁）回答了贝克抑郁量表（BDI）。我们对BDI进行因子分析，作为抑郁症状表现的指标。以下临界分数定义了非临床亚组：“无抑郁”，BDI < 15；“烦躁不安”，BDI 16至20；“抑郁”，BDI > 20。我们使用判别分析来测试这些亚组是否可以通过抑郁特异性和非特异性项目区分开来。
根据BDI临界值20，抑郁症的时点患病率为7.6%。在几个项目中，女孩的得分高于男孩。得分随年龄增长而增加。公立学校的学生得分高于私立学校的学生。因子分析显示，总样本和各性别样本均有两个共同因子：认知情感维度和躯体非特异性维度。在表现出临床抑郁的青少年中，与自我贬低、失败感、内疚感、自我厌恶、自杀意愿和身体形象扭曲相关的项目是BDI因子的常见组成部分。判别分析表明，BDI能够很好地区分青少年学生的抑郁症状，并且还能测量抑郁的特定方面。
BDI可用作非临床青少年样本中抑郁特定方面的测量工具；它能够在大约7%的被调查人群中检测出抑郁症。巴西青少年人群中抑郁症状的表现与该年龄组的国际研究结果一致。在学校人群中检测抑郁症状是一项关键的预防策略；为避免对学习过程造成损害，如有需要，应在检测后进一步转诊治疗。
