Leon Maria E, Lugo Alessandra, Boffetta Paolo, Gilmore Anna, Ross Hana, Schüz Joachim, La Vecchia Carlo, Gallus Silvano
Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
Eur J Public Health. 2016 Oct;26(5):817-821. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw032. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
The purpose of this study is to report prevalence and determinants of use of smokeless tobacco in a representative sample of men and women from Sweden, where Swedish snus sales are legal, and from 17 other European countries, where sales of smokeless tobacco are restricted.
In 2010, a face-to-face survey including information on current smokeless tobacco use was conducted in a representative sample of around 1000 individuals aged ≥15 years per country in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden.
In Sweden, the overall prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 12.3% (20.7% in men, 3.5% in women). The corresponding estimate for other European countries combined was 1.1% (1.2% in men, 1.1% in women). Compared with never smokers, former smokers in Sweden were significantly more likely to use smokeless tobacco (odds ratio, OR: 2.67), whereas no difference in use was observed in other countries (OR: 1.04). Use of smokeless tobacco was similar among current smokers in Sweden (OR: 1.96) and in other countries (OR: 2.40) when contrasted to never smokers. In Sweden there were no differences in the number of cigarettes/day between smokers who also use smokeless tobacco (13.3 cigarettes/day) and exclusive cigarette smokers (12.9 cigarettes/day; P = 0.785).
Excluding Sweden, current oral tobacco use was not commonly reported in the European countries surveyed and was similarly rare both in men and in women. In Sweden, however, use of smokeless tobacco was about 10-fold higher than the rest of Europe and more prevalent in men than in women.
本研究旨在报告来自瑞典（瑞典鼻烟销售合法）以及其他17个欧洲国家（无烟烟草销售受限）的具有代表性的男性和女性样本中无烟烟草的使用流行率及其决定因素。
2010年，在阿尔巴尼亚、奥地利、保加利亚、捷克共和国、克罗地亚、英格兰、芬兰、法国、希腊、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、西班牙和瑞典等国，对每个国家约1000名年龄≥15岁的具有代表性的个体进行了面对面调查，调查内容包括当前无烟烟草使用情况。
在瑞典，无烟烟草使用的总体流行率为12.3%（男性为20.7%，女性为3.5%）。其他欧洲国家的综合相应估计值为1.1%（男性为1.2%，女性为1.1%）。与从不吸烟者相比，瑞典的既往吸烟者使用无烟烟草的可能性显著更高（优势比，OR：2.67），而在其他国家未观察到使用差异（OR：1.04）。与从不吸烟者相比，瑞典当前吸烟者（OR：1.96）和其他国家当前吸烟者（OR：2.40）使用无烟烟草的情况相似。在瑞典，同时使用无烟烟草的吸烟者（每天13.3支香烟）和仅吸香烟者（每天12.9支香烟；P = 0.785）之间每天吸烟支数没有差异。
除瑞典外，在所调查的欧洲国家中，当前口腔烟草使用情况报告不常见，男性和女性中同样少见。然而，在瑞典，无烟烟草的使用比欧洲其他地区高约10倍，且在男性中比女性更普遍。
