Falcone Claudio, Mazzoni Cristina
Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Jun;73(11-12):2237-50. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2197-y. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
In recent years, yeast was confirmed as a useful eukaryotic model system to decipher the complex mechanisms and networks occurring in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammalian cells, in physiological as well in pathological conditions. This article focuses attention on the contribution of yeast in the study of a very complex scenario, because of the number and interconnection of pathways, represented by cell death. Yeast, although it is a unicellular organism, possesses the basal machinery of different kinds of cell death occurring in higher eukaryotes, i.e., apoptosis, regulated necrosis and autophagy. Here we report the current knowledge concerning the yeast orthologs of main mammalian cell death regulators and executors, the role of organelles and compartments, and the cellular phenotypes observed in the different forms of cell death in response to external and internal triggers. Thanks to the ease of genetic manipulation of this microorganism, yeast strains expressing human genes that promote or counteract cell death, onset of tumors and neurodegenerative diseases have been constructed. The effects on yeast cells of some of these genes are also presented.
近年来，酵母被确认为一种有用的真核模式系统，可用于解读高等真核生物（尤其是哺乳动物细胞）在生理和病理条件下发生的复杂机制和网络。本文重点关注酵母在研究一个非常复杂的情况中的贡献，这一情况由细胞死亡所代表的途径数量和相互联系构成。酵母虽然是单细胞生物，但拥有高等真核生物中发生的不同类型细胞死亡的基础机制，即细胞凋亡、程序性坏死和自噬。在这里，我们报告了关于主要哺乳动物细胞死亡调节因子和执行者的酵母直系同源物、细胞器和区室的作用，以及在不同形式的细胞死亡中响应外部和内部触发因素所观察到的细胞表型的当前知识。由于这种微生物易于进行基因操作，已经构建了表达促进或对抗细胞死亡、肿瘤发生和神经退行性疾病的人类基因的酵母菌株。本文还介绍了其中一些基因对酵母细胞的影响。
