Arias-de la Torre Jorge, Artazcoz Lucía, Molina Antonio José, Fernández-Villa Tania, Martín Vicente
Research Group of Interaction Gen-Health-Environment, University of León, León, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Gac Sanit. 2016 Sep-Oct;30(5):339-44. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.02.011. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
In the working population, poor mental health is a significant problem whose prevalence rates and associated factors could differ by gender, especially in a period of socioeconomic changes. The aims of this study were: a) to determine the prevalence of poor mental health in the working population of Spain in 2011; b) to identify the association of this prevalence with socioeconomic and work-related variables for men and women separately; c) to determine if the patterns differ by gender.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Health Survey of Spain (2011). Of the 21,007 participants in the survey, we selected 7396 whose employment status was described as "working" The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used as a screening tool to detect poor mental health. Prevalences were calculated and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to verify the association between variables.
The prevalence of poor mental health was higher among women (19.9%) than men (13.9%), the overall prevalence being 16.8%. The variables associated with a higher prevalence were type of contract and work-related variables in men, and age and socioeconomic variables in women.
This study shows that, in the working population of Spain, the prevalence of poor mental health and its related factors differ by gender. Poor mental health is mainly related to socioeconomic variables in women but is mostly associated with work-related variables in men.
在工作人群中，心理健康状况不佳是一个重大问题，其患病率及相关因素可能因性别而异，尤其是在社会经济变革时期。本研究的目的是：a）确定2011年西班牙工作人群中心理健康状况不佳的患病率；b）分别确定该患病率与男性和女性的社会经济及工作相关变量之间的关联；c）确定模式是否因性别而异。
利用西班牙国家健康调查（2011年）的数据进行了一项横断面研究。在调查的21007名参与者中，我们选取了7396名就业状况被描述为“工作”的参与者。使用一般健康问卷（GHQ - 12）作为筛查工具来检测心理健康状况不佳。计算患病率，并拟合双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型以验证变量之间的关联。
心理健康状况不佳的患病率在女性中（19.9%）高于男性（13.9%），总体患病率为16.8%。与较高患病率相关的变量在男性中是合同类型和工作相关变量，在女性中是年龄和社会经济变量。
本研究表明，在西班牙的工作人群中，心理健康状况不佳的患病率及其相关因素因性别而异。心理健康状况不佳在女性中主要与社会经济变量相关，而在男性中主要与工作相关变量相关。
