Cebrino Jesús, Portero de la Cruz Silvia
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Doctor Fedriani, S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 12;9(7):2199. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072199.
Common mental disorders (CMD) represent a serious, growing public health concern, especially in women. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of CMD among the adult population in Spain, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to explore the associations between CMD and gender, in relation to the perceived environmental and sociodemographic problems and clinical factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 48505 participants aged 16 to 64 years old who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with CMD by gender. The prevalence of CMD was 20.4% in 2006, 20.8% in 2011/2012 and 16.9% in 2017 ( = 0.36). In women, the probability of having a CMD was higher in widowed or separated/divorced compared with single individuals and as the perception of distressing noise levels from outside the home increased. The probability of CMD was lower as the level of education increased in men. Foreigners and those with limitations due to health problems, chronic conditions and worse perceived health were more likely to suffer from a CMD in both women and men.
常见精神障碍（CMD）是一个严重且日益受到关注的公共卫生问题，在女性中尤为如此。本研究的目的是报告西班牙成年人群中CMD的患病率，分析2006年至2017年的时间趋势，并探讨CMD与性别之间的关联，以及与感知到的环境和社会人口问题及临床因素的关系。开展了一项全国性横断面研究，纳入了48505名年龄在16至64岁之间、曾参与2006年、2011/2012年和2017年西班牙国家健康调查的参与者。进行了逻辑回归分析，以确定按性别与CMD相关的变量。2006年CMD的患病率为20.4%，2011/2012年为20.8%，2017年为16.9%（ = 0.36）。在女性中，丧偶或分居/离婚者患CMD的概率高于单身者，且随着对来自家外令人苦恼噪音水平的感知增加而升高。在男性中，CMD的概率随着教育水平的提高而降低。在女性和男性中，外国人以及因健康问题、慢性病和健康状况较差而有局限的人更有可能患CMD。
