Jankowski Kathryn F, Bruce Jacqueline, Beauchamp Kathryn G, Roos Leslie E, Moore William E, Fisher Philip A
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA.
Oregon Social Learning Center, USA.
Dev Sci. 2017 Jul;20(4). doi: 10.1111/desc.12413. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
Maltreated youths in foster care often experience negative developmental and psychological outcomes, which have been linked with poor response inhibition. Recent evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is also associated with alterations in the neural circuitry underlying response inhibition. However, a burgeoning line of research has begun to explore the mitigating effects of preventive interventions on neural functioning. The current study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the impact of early childhood maltreatment and a preventive intervention on response inhibition in early adolescence. Thirty-six demographically similar adolescents (ages 9-14 years) completed a Go/NoGo task. The sample included nonmaltreated adolescents (n = 14) and maltreated adolescents who were in foster care as preschoolers and randomly assigned to receive services as usual (n = 11) or a preventive intervention, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers (n = 11). The groups demonstrated similar behavioral performance but significantly different neural patterns. The maltreated adolescents who received services as usual demonstrated subcortical hypoactivity during successful response inhibition and subcortical hyperactivity during unsuccessful response inhibition. In contrast, the nonmaltreated adolescents and maltreated adolescents who received the intervention exhibited strikingly similar neural patterns during successful response inhibition, but the maltreated adolescents who received the intervention demonstrated prefrontal hypoactivity during unsuccessful response inhibition. These findings offer preliminary evidence that early childhood maltreatment alters the neural patterns underlying response inhibition in early adolescence and that participating in a preventive intervention could mitigate maltreatment-related effects on these neural systems.
寄养机构中受虐待的青少年往往会经历负面的发育和心理结果，这与反应抑制能力差有关。最近的证据表明，童年期受虐待还与反应抑制背后的神经回路改变有关。然而，一系列新兴研究已开始探索预防性干预对神经功能的缓解作用。本研究使用事件相关功能磁共振成像来探究童年期受虐待以及一种预防性干预对青春期早期反应抑制的影响。36名人口统计学特征相似的青少年（9至14岁）完成了一项“是/否”任务。样本包括未受虐待的青少年（n = 14）以及在学龄前进入寄养机构且被随机分配接受常规服务（n = 11）或预防性干预“学龄前儿童多维治疗寄养”（n = 11）的受虐待青少年。这些组在行为表现上相似，但神经模式存在显著差异。接受常规服务的受虐待青少年在成功抑制反应时表现出皮层下活动不足，在未成功抑制反应时表现出皮层下活动过度。相比之下，未受虐待的青少年以及接受干预的受虐待青少年在成功抑制反应时表现出极为相似的神经模式，但接受干预的受虐待青少年在未成功抑制反应时表现出前额叶活动不足。这些发现提供了初步证据，表明童年期受虐待会改变青春期早期反应抑制背后的神经模式，且参与预防性干预可以减轻虐待对这些神经系统的相关影响。
