Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Laboratory of Bioenergetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Ageing Res Rev. 2016 Jul;28:1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Age-related alterations in the bioenergetics of the heart and oxidative skeletal muscle tissues are of crucial influence on their performance. Until now the prevailing concept of aging was the mitochondrial theory, the increased production of reactive oxygen species, mediated by deficiency in the activity of respiratory chain complexes. However, studies with mitochondria in situ have presented results which, to some extent, disagree with previous ones, indicating that the mitochondrial theory of aging may be overestimated. The studies reporting age-related decline in mitochondrial function were performed using mainly isolated mitochondria. Measurements on this level are not able to take into account the system level properties. The relevant information can be obtained only from appropriate studies using cells or tissue fibers. The functional interactions between the components of Intracellular Energetic Unit (ICEU) regulate the energy production and consumption in oxidative muscle cells. The alterations of these interactions in ICEU should be studied in order to find a more effective protocol to decelerate the age-related changes taking place in the energy metabolism. In this article, an overview is given of the present theories and controversies of causes of age-related alterations in bioenergetics. Also, branches of study, which need more emphasis, are indicated.
年龄相关的心脏和氧化骨骼肌组织的生物能量变化对其功能有至关重要的影响。到目前为止，衰老的主流理论是线粒体理论，即呼吸链复合物活性不足导致活性氧的产生增加。然而，使用原位线粒体的研究结果在某种程度上与之前的结果不一致，表明衰老的线粒体理论可能被高估了。报告与年龄相关的线粒体功能下降的研究主要使用分离的线粒体进行。在这个水平上的测量无法考虑系统水平的特性。只有通过使用细胞或组织纤维的适当研究才能获得相关信息。细胞内能量单元 (ICEU) 的组成部分之间的功能相互作用调节氧化肌肉细胞中的能量产生和消耗。为了找到更有效的方案来减缓能量代谢中发生的与年龄相关的变化，应该研究 ICEU 中这些相互作用的改变。本文概述了与年龄相关的生物能量变化的原因的现有理论和争议。此外，还指出了需要更多关注的研究分支。
