Emery Rebecca L, Levine Michele D, Jakicic John M
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Eat Behav. 2016 Aug;22:10-15. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.033. Epub 2016 Apr 2.
Some women behaviorally compensate for the energy expended during exercise by increasing their energy intake or becoming more sedentary, thereby decreasing their energy expenditure. Although behavioral compensation can attenuate or even reverse the energy deficit generated by exercise, few data are available on predictors of compensatory responses to exercise. The present study aimed to identify eating-related predictors of compensatory changes in energy balance following exercise. Overweight and obese, physically inactive women (N=48) completed self-report measures of disinhibition and binge eating and participated in two experimental conditions, exercise and rest, in counterbalanced order. Energy intake and expenditure were measured for 24-hours following each experimental condition to estimate energy balance. On average, women were 21.33±2.09years old and 63% were white. Of the sample, 63% compensated for the energy expended during exercise by increasing their energy intake or decreasing their energy expenditure. Linear mixed effects modeling with repeated measurement showed that disinhibition was not predictive of behavioral compensation. However, there was a significant difference between the negative energy balance observed following the rest condition and the positive energy balance observed following the exercise condition among women who reported binge eating, which was driven by a tendency to spend less time being physically active and more time being sedentary following exercise. These findings indicate that women who binge eat may be at greatest risk of compensating for exercise. Future research is needed to better understand psychosocial predictors and common mechanisms through which behavioral compensation is promoted.
一些女性通过增加能量摄入或减少活动量来行为性地补偿运动中消耗的能量，从而降低她们的能量消耗。尽管行为补偿可以减弱甚至逆转运动产生的能量赤字，但关于运动补偿反应的预测因素的数据却很少。本研究旨在确定运动后能量平衡补偿性变化的饮食相关预测因素。超重和肥胖、缺乏身体活动的女性（N = 48）完成了关于去抑制和暴饮暴食的自我报告测量，并以平衡顺序参与了运动和休息两种实验条件。在每种实验条件后的24小时内测量能量摄入和消耗，以估计能量平衡。平均而言，女性年龄为21.33±2.09岁，63%为白人。在样本中，63%的女性通过增加能量摄入或减少能量消耗来补偿运动中消耗的能量。重复测量的线性混合效应模型显示，去抑制并不能预测行为补偿。然而，在报告有暴饮暴食行为的女性中，休息条件后观察到的负能量平衡与运动条件后观察到的正能量平衡之间存在显著差异，这是由运动后身体活动时间减少和久坐时间增加的趋势所驱动的。这些发现表明，暴饮暴食的女性可能最容易出现运动补偿。未来需要进行更多研究，以更好地理解促进行为补偿的心理社会预测因素和共同机制。
