Thivel D, Aucouturier J, Metz L, Morio B, Duché P
Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Aubière cedex, France.
Pediatr Obes. 2014 Apr;9(2):147-54. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00148.x. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Physical activity is mainly used in weight control strategies to favour energy expenditure. Some evidence suggests that exercise might not have the expected impact on energy balance, and may actually cause a decrease in the subsequent physical activity energy expenditure.
To question the impact of an acute exercise session of varying intensities on daily energy expenditure in lean and obese adolescents.
Data from three separate studies conducted in lean and obese 12-15 years old adolescents (study 1: 12 obese; study 2: 10 obese and nine lean; study 3: 15 obese) have been used. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) was assessed in studies 1 and 2 during an exercise condition with an exercise bout at 70%VO(2max) (EX) and a rest day (REST) (using Actiheart and Armbands, respectively). In study 3, DEE was assessed in calorimetric chambers during (i) a high intensity exercise condition (HIE - 75%VO(2max)) and (ji) a condition with a low intensity exercise (LIE - 40%VO(2max)) and (iii) a rest condition (REST).
Morning energy expenditure was significantly higher during the exercise conditions whatever the intensity compared with rest. Afternoon energy expenditure was significantly lower following HIE compared to the rest condition in studies 2 and 3. Afternoon energy expenditure was not significantly different between LIE and REST in study 2. Total DEE was not significantly different between conditions in the three studies.
Obese adolescents seem to show a compensatory response to an acute session of HIE (>70%VO(2max)) by decreasing their following physical activity energy expenditure. Although HIE favours body composition, physical fitness and metabolic profile improvements, this induced compensatory energy expenditure response has to be considered to optimize its effect on weight loss.
体育活动主要用于体重控制策略，以促进能量消耗。一些证据表明，运动可能对能量平衡没有预期的影响，实际上可能导致随后的体育活动能量消耗减少。
探讨不同强度的急性运动对瘦和肥胖青少年每日能量消耗的影响。
使用了在12 - 15岁瘦和肥胖青少年中进行的三项独立研究的数据（研究1：12名肥胖青少年；研究2：10名肥胖青少年和9名瘦青少年；研究3：15名肥胖青少年）。在研究1和2中，在运动条件下评估每日能量消耗（DEE），运动强度为70%最大摄氧量（EX）的运动 bout 和休息日（REST）（分别使用 Actiheart 和臂带）。在研究3中，在量热室中评估 DEE，包括（i）高强度运动条件（HIE - 75%最大摄氧量）和（ii）低强度运动条件（LIE - 40%最大摄氧量）以及（iii）休息条件（REST）。
与休息相比，无论运动强度如何，运动条件下早晨的能量消耗均显著更高。在研究2和3中，与休息条件相比，高强度运动后下午的能量消耗显著更低。在研究2中，低强度运动和休息之间下午的能量消耗没有显著差异。三项研究中不同条件下的总 DEE 没有显著差异。
肥胖青少年似乎通过减少随后的体育活动能量消耗，对急性高强度运动（>70%最大摄氧量）表现出代偿反应。尽管高强度运动有利于身体成分、身体素质和代谢状况的改善，但在优化其对体重减轻的影响时，必须考虑这种诱导的代偿性能量消耗反应。
