School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
Environ Int. 2016 Jul-Aug;92-93:119-29. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 Apr 9.
There has been an increase in oil sands development in northern Alberta, Canada and an overall increase in economic activity in the province in recent years. An evaluation of the state of air quality was conducted in four Alberta locations - urban centers of Calgary and Edmonton, and smaller communities of Fort McKay and Fort McMurray in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR). Concentration trends, diurnal hourly and monthly average concentration profiles, and exceedances of provincial, national and international air quality guidelines were assessed for several criteria air pollutants over the period 1998 to 2014. Two methods were used to evaluate trends. Parametric analysis of annual median 1h concentrations and non-parametric analysis of annual geometric mean 1h concentrations showed consistent decreasing trends for NO2 and SO2 (<1ppb per year), CO (<0.1ppm per year) at all stations, decreasing for THC (<0.1ppm per year) and increasing for O3 (≤0.52ppb per year) at most stations and unchanged for PM2.5 at all stations in Edmonton and Calgary over a 17-year period. Little consistency in trends was observed among the methods for the same air pollutants other than for THC (increasing in Fort McKay <0.1ppm per year and no trend in Fort McMurray), PM2.5 in Fort McKay and Fort McMurray (no trend) and CO (decreasing <0.1ppm per year in Fort McMurray) over the same period. Levels of air quality indicators at the four locations were compared with other Canadian and international urban areas to judge the current state of air quality. Median and annual average concentrations for Alberta locations tended to be the smallest in Fort McKay and Fort McMurray. Other than for PM2.5, Calgary and Edmonton tended to have median and annual average concentrations comparable to and/or below that of larger populated Canadian and U.S. cities, depending upon the air pollutant.
近年来，加拿大阿尔伯塔省北部的油砂开发有所增加，全省的经济活动总体上也有所增加。在阿尔伯塔省的四个地点——卡尔加里和埃德蒙顿的城市中心，以及阿萨巴斯卡油砂地区（AOSR）的较小社区福克马克和麦克默里堡——进行了空气质量评估。评估了 1998 年至 2014 年期间，几种空气污染物的浓度趋势、日小时和月平均浓度分布以及省级、国家和国际空气质量指南的超标情况。使用两种方法评估趋势。对年中值 1 小时浓度进行参数分析，对年几何平均值 1 小时浓度进行非参数分析，结果表明，在所有站点，NO2 和 SO2（每年低于 1 个 ppb）、CO（每年低于 0.1ppm）呈持续下降趋势，THC（每年低于 0.1ppm）呈下降趋势，O3（每年不超过 0.52ppb）呈上升趋势，在埃德蒙顿和卡尔加里的所有站点，PM2.5 在 17 年内保持不变。在同一时间段内，除了 THC（福克马克上升<0.1ppm/年，麦克默里堡无趋势）、福克马克和麦克默里堡的 PM2.5（无趋势）和 CO（麦克默里堡下降<0.1ppm/年）外，同一空气污染物的不同方法之间的趋势几乎没有一致性。在四个地点，空气质量指标的水平与加拿大和国际其他城市地区进行了比较，以判断当前的空气质量状况。在福克马克和麦克默里堡，四个地点的中值和年平均浓度最小。除 PM2.5 外，卡尔加里和埃德蒙顿的中值和年平均浓度与加拿大和美国较大城市的浓度相当，或者取决于空气污染物，低于这些城市的浓度。
