Bryant Gregory A, Fessler Daniel M T, Fusaroli Riccardo, Clint Edward, Aarøe Lene, Apicella Coren L, Petersen Michael Bang, Bickham Shaneikiah T, Bolyanatz Alexander, Chavez Brenda, De Smet Delphine, Díaz Cinthya, Fančovičová Jana, Fux Michal, Giraldo-Perez Paulina, Hu Anning, Kamble Shanmukh V, Kameda Tatsuya, Li Norman P, Luberti Francesca R, Prokop Pavol, Quintelier Katinka, Scelza Brooke A, Shin Hyun Jung, Soler Montserrat, Stieger Stefan, Toyokawa Wataru, van den Hende Ellis A, Viciana-Asensio Hugo, Yildizhan Saliha Elif, Yong Jose C, Yuditha Tessa, Zhou Yi
Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; UCLA Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
UCLA Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Apr 26;113(17):4682-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524993113. Epub 2016 Apr 11.
Laughter is a nonverbal vocal expression that often communicates positive affect and cooperative intent in humans. Temporally coincident laughter occurring within groups is a potentially rich cue of affiliation to overhearers. We examined listeners' judgments of affiliation based on brief, decontextualized instances of colaughter between either established friends or recently acquainted strangers. In a sample of 966 participants from 24 societies, people reliably distinguished friends from strangers with an accuracy of 53-67%. Acoustic analyses of the individual laughter segments revealed that, across cultures, listeners' judgments were consistently predicted by voicing dynamics, suggesting perceptual sensitivity to emotionally triggered spontaneous production. Colaughter affords rapid and accurate appraisals of affiliation that transcend cultural and linguistic boundaries, and may constitute a universal means of signaling cooperative relationships.
笑是一种非语言的发声表达，通常传达人类的积极情感和合作意图。群体中同时出现的笑声对偷听者来说可能是一种丰富的归属感线索。我们基于既定朋友或新结识陌生人之间简短的、脱离情境的同步笑声实例，研究了听众对归属感的判断。在来自24个社会的966名参与者样本中，人们能够可靠地区分朋友和陌生人，准确率为53%-67%。对单个笑声片段的声学分析表明，在不同文化中，听众的判断始终由发声动态预测，这表明对情绪引发的自发发声具有感知敏感性。同步笑声能够快速、准确地评估归属感，超越文化和语言界限，可能构成一种传达合作关系的通用方式。
