Durkee Patrick K, Lukaszewski Aaron W, Buss David M
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, California, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Evol Hum Sci. 2023 May 15;5:e17. doi: 10.1017/ehs.2023.12. eCollection 2023.
Status hierarchies are ubiquitous across cultures and have been over deep time. Position in hierarchies shows important links with fitness outcomes. Consequently, humans should possess psychological adaptations for navigating the adaptive challenges posed by living in hierarchically organised groups. One hypothesised adaptation functions to assess, track, and store the status impacts of different acts, characteristics and events in order to guide hierarchy navigation. Although this status-impact assessment system is expected to be universal, there are several ways in which differences in assessment accuracy could arise. This variation may link to broader individual difference constructs. In a preregistered study with samples from India ( = 815) and the USA ( = 822), we sought to examine how individual differences in the accuracy of status-impact assessments covary with status motivations and personality. In both countries, greater overall status-impact assessment accuracy was associated with higher status motivations, as well as higher standing on two broad personality constructs: Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness. These findings help map broad personality constructs onto variation in the functioning of specific cognitive mechanisms and contribute to an evolutionary understanding of individual differences.
地位等级制度在各种文化中普遍存在，且由来已久。等级制度中的地位与健康结果有着重要联系。因此，人类应该具备心理适应机制，以应对生活在等级组织群体中所带来的适应性挑战。一种假设的适应功能是评估、跟踪和存储不同行为、特征和事件的地位影响，以便指导等级制度中的行为。尽管这种地位影响评估系统预计是普遍存在的，但在评估准确性方面可能会出现几种差异。这种差异可能与更广泛的个体差异结构相关。在一项对来自印度（n = 815）和美国（n = 822）样本的预注册研究中，我们试图研究地位影响评估准确性的个体差异如何与地位动机和人格相关。在这两个国家，总体地位影响评估准确性越高，与越高的地位动机以及在两个广泛的人格结构（诚实-谦逊和尽责性）上的越高得分相关。这些发现有助于将广泛的人格结构映射到特定认知机制功能的变化上，并有助于从进化角度理解个体差异。
