Chan Stewart Siu-Wa, Graham Colin A, Rainer T H
A&E Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Emergency Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff and Vale UHB. NHS Wales, Cardiff, UK.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016 Apr;18(5):37. doi: 10.1007/s11906-016-0647-4.
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for the global burden of disease, yet more than 20% of adults with hypertension are unaware of their condition. Underlying hypertension affects over 25% emergency department attendees, and the condition is more commonly encountered in emergency departments than in primary care settings. Emergency departments are strategically well placed to fulfill the important public health goal of screening for hypertension, yet less than 30% of patients with mild to severe hypertension are referred for follow up. In predominantly African American populations, subclinical hypertensive disease is highly prevalent in ED attendees with asymptomatic elevated blood pressure. Although medical intervention is not usually required, in select patient populations, it may be beneficial for antihypertensive medications to be started or adjusted in the emergency department, aiming for optimizing blood pressure control earlier while waiting for continuing care.
高血压是全球疾病负担的主要风险因素，但超过20%的高血压成年人并未意识到自己的病情。潜在高血压影响超过25%的急诊科就诊者，且该病症在急诊科比在初级保健机构更常见。急诊科在战略上处于有利位置，可实现筛查高血压这一重要的公共卫生目标，但只有不到30%的轻至重度高血压患者被转诊进行后续治疗。在以非裔美国人为主的人群中，亚临床高血压疾病在无症状血压升高的急诊科就诊者中高度流行。虽然通常不需要医疗干预，但在特定患者群体中，在急诊科启动或调整抗高血压药物可能有益，目的是在等待持续护理的同时尽早优化血压控制。
