Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2022 Aug;24(8):311-323. doi: 10.1007/s11906-022-01196-3. Epub 2022 May 20.
To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the management of hypertension. Given the paucity of literature regarding the role of the observation unit in the management of hypertension, we will provide our recommendations based on our experience working in an observation unit.
Many patients have limited access to primary care, and hypertension diagnosis often relies on office-based measurements. We will describe situations where that is not necessary to make the diagnosis. We will discuss the current non-pharmacologic treatment guidelines, the education of which should be provided to patients both in the emergency department and observation units. We will provide the current recommendations on what anti-hypertension medications can be initiated in the emergency department and observation units. Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. The utility of an observation unit in the diagnosis and management of patients with hypertension is beneficial particularly for those with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. An observation unit stay provides the opportunity to diagnosis hypertension, initiate lifestyle education and pharmacologic treatment if indicated, and help to arrange appropriate follow-up for ongoing management and treatment in individuals with limited access to care.
回顾高血压的病理生理学、诊断和治疗。鉴于观察单元在高血压管理中的作用的文献很少，我们将根据我们在观察单元工作的经验提供建议。
许多患者获得初级保健的机会有限，高血压的诊断通常依赖于基于诊室的测量。我们将描述在哪些情况下不需要进行该诊断。我们将讨论当前的非药物治疗指南，应在急诊室和观察单元向患者提供这些指南的教育。我们将提供关于在急诊室和观察单元中可以启动哪些抗高血压药物的当前建议。高血压是美国发病率和死亡率的主要原因。观察单元在诊断和管理高血压患者中的应用是有益的，特别是对于那些有动脉粥样硬化疾病风险因素的患者。观察单元的入住提供了诊断高血压的机会，如果需要，还可以启动生活方式教育和药物治疗，并帮助为那些获得医疗服务机会有限的患者安排适当的后续治疗和管理。
