Tagne-Fotso Romuald, Leroyer Ariane, Howsam Mike, Dehon Betty, Richeval Camille, Nisse Catherine
a Univ. Lille, EA 4483 -IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine , Département Universitaire de Médecine et Santé au Travail , Lille , France.
b CHU Lille, Pôle de Santé Publique , Lille , France.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016;79(6):245-65. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1149131.
There is justification for limiting lead (Pb) exposure as much as possible, given its impact on health at low concentrations. Consequently, the aim of this study was to measure blood lead levels (BLL) and examine exposure factors related to BLL variations in the general adult population of northern France, a current and past industrial area. Two thousand inhabitants of northern France, aged between 20 and 59 years, were recruited using the quota method with caution. Blood lead levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and variation factors were studied separately in men and women using multivariate stepwise linear and logistic regression models. The geometric mean of the BLL was 18.8 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3-19.3). Occupational factors affected BLL only in men and represented 14% of total explained variance of BLL. External occupational factors significantly increasing mean levels of BLL were tobacco, consumption of some beverages (wine, coffee, tea, and/or tap water), raw vegetables, housing characteristics (built prior to 1948, Pb piping in the home) and do-it-yourself or leisure activities (paint stripping or rifle shooting). Consumption habits accounted together for 25% and 18% of the total explained variance, respectively, in men and women. Industrial environment did not significantly contribute to BLL variations. Blood lead levels observed in the general population of this industrial part of France did not appear to be excessively elevated compared to values found internationally. Nonetheless, these BLL remain a public health issue in regard to nonthreshold toxicity attributed to Pb.
鉴于铅（Pb）在低浓度时对健康有影响，尽可能限制铅暴露是有道理的。因此，本研究的目的是测量法国北部一般成年人群（一个当前和过去的工业区）的血铅水平（BLL），并检查与BLL变化相关的暴露因素。采用配额法谨慎招募了2000名年龄在20至59岁之间的法国北部居民。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对血铅水平进行定量，并使用多元逐步线性和逻辑回归模型分别对男性和女性的变化因素进行研究。BLL的几何平均值为18.8μg/L（95%置信区间[CI]：18.3 - 19.3）。职业因素仅对男性的BLL有影响，占BLL总解释方差的14%。显著增加BLL平均水平的外部职业因素包括烟草、某些饮料（葡萄酒、咖啡、茶和/或自来水）的消费、生蔬菜、住房特征（1948年以前建造、家中有铅管道）以及自己动手或休闲活动（去除油漆或射击步枪）。消费习惯在男性和女性中分别占总解释方差的25%和18%。工业环境对BLL变化没有显著贡献。与国际上发现的值相比，法国这个工业区一般人群中观察到的血铅水平似乎没有过度升高。尽管如此，鉴于铅的非阈值毒性，这些BLL仍然是一个公共卫生问题。
