Reichmuth Andreas M, Oberli Matthias A, Jaklenec Ana, Langer Robert, Blankschtein Daniel
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ther Deliv. 2016;7(5):319-34. doi: 10.4155/tde-2016-0006.
mRNA vaccines elicit a potent immune response including antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. mRNA vaccines are currently evaluated in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy applications, but also have great potential as prophylactic vaccines. Efficient delivery of mRNA vaccines will be key for their success and translation to the clinic. Among potential nonviral vectors, lipid nanoparticles are particularly promising. Indeed, lipid nanoparticles can be synthesized with relative ease in a scalable manner, protect the mRNA against degradation, facilitate endosomal escape, can be targeted to the desired cell type by surface decoration with ligands, and as needed, can be codelivered with adjuvants.
信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗可引发包括抗体和细胞毒性T细胞在内的强烈免疫反应。目前，mRNA疫苗正在癌症免疫治疗应用的临床试验中接受评估，但作为预防性疫苗也具有巨大潜力。mRNA疫苗的有效递送将是其成功并转化至临床应用的关键。在潜在的非病毒载体中，脂质纳米颗粒尤其具有前景。事实上，脂质纳米颗粒能够以相对简便的方式进行可扩展合成，保护mRNA不被降解，促进内体逃逸，通过用配体进行表面修饰可靶向至所需细胞类型，并且根据需要，还可与佐剂共同递送。
