Ribeiro Oscar, Teixeira Laetitia, Araújo Lia, Paúl Constança
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (UNIFAI and CINTESIS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (UNIFAI and CINTESIS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal ; Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (ESEV and CI&DETS) , Rua Maximiano Aragão, 3504 - 501 Viseu, Portugal.
Popul Health Metr. 2016 Apr 12;14:13. doi: 10.1186/s12963-016-0083-3. eCollection 2016.
The number of centenarians is rapidly increasing in Europe. In Portugal, it has almost tripled over the last 10 years and constitutes one of the fastest-growing segments of the population. This paper aims to describe the health and sociodemographic characteristics of Portuguese centenarians as given in the 2011 census and to identify sex differences.
All persons living in Portugal mainland and Madeira and Azores islands aged 100 years old at the time of the 2011 census (N = 1,526) were considered. Measures include sociodemographic characteristics and perceived difficulties in six functional domains of basic actions (seeing, hearing, walking, cognition, self-care, and communication) as assessed by the Portuguese census official questionnaires.
Most centenarians are women (82.1 %), widowed (82 %), never attended school (51 %), and live in private households (71 %). The majority show major constraints in seeing (67.4 %), hearing (72.3 %), and particularly in their mobility (83.7 % cannot/have great difficulties in walking/climbing stairs and 80.7 % in bathing/dressing). In general, a better outcome was found for reported memory/concentration and understanding, with 39.1 % and 42.5 % presenting no or mild difficulty, respectively. Top-level functioning (no/mild difficulties in all dimensions concurrently) was observed in a minority of cases (5.96 %). Women outnumber men by a ratio of 4.6, and statistically significant differences were found between men and women for all health-related variables, with women presenting a higher percentage of difficulties.
Portuguese centenarians experience great difficulties in sensory domains and basic daily living activities, and to a lesser extent in cognition and communication. The obtained profile, though self-reported, is important in considering the potential of social and family participation of this population regardless of their functional and sensory limitations. Based on the observed differences between men and women, gender-specific and gender-sensitive interventions are recommended in order to acknowledge women's worse overall condition.
欧洲百岁老人的数量正在迅速增加。在葡萄牙，这一数字在过去10年里几乎增长了两倍，是人口中增长最快的群体之一。本文旨在描述2011年人口普查中葡萄牙百岁老人的健康和社会人口学特征，并确定性别差异。
纳入所有在2011年人口普查时居住在葡萄牙大陆、马德拉群岛和亚速尔群岛且年龄为100岁的人（N = 1526）。测量指标包括社会人口学特征，以及葡萄牙人口普查官方问卷评估的基本行动六个功能领域（视力、听力、行走、认知、自我护理和沟通）中感知到的困难。
大多数百岁老人为女性（82.1%）、丧偶（82%）、从未上学（51%），且居住在私人家庭中（71%）。大多数人在视力（67.4%）、听力（72.3%）方面存在严重限制，尤其是在行动能力方面（83.7%的人在行走/爬楼梯时不能/有很大困难，80.7%的人在洗澡/穿衣时有困难）。总体而言，在报告的记忆/注意力和理解方面结果较好，分别有39.1%和42.5%的人没有或仅有轻微困难。少数情况（5.96%）观察到顶级功能（所有维度同时无/有轻微困难）。女性与男性的比例为4.6，所有与健康相关的变量在男性和女性之间均存在统计学显著差异，女性存在困难的比例更高。
葡萄牙百岁老人在感官领域和基本日常生活活动中存在很大困难，在认知和沟通方面困难较小。尽管这些情况是自我报告的，但所获得的概况对于考虑该人群的社会和家庭参与潜力很重要，无论其功能和感官限制如何。基于观察到的男性和女性之间的差异，建议采取针对性别和对性别敏感的干预措施，以认识到女性总体状况较差的情况。
