Gallotta Maria Chiara, Iazzoni Sara, Emerenziani Gian Pietro, Meucci Marco, Migliaccio Silvia, Guidetti Laura, Baldari Carlo
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome , Italy.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University , Boone, NC , United States.
PeerJ. 2016 Apr 11;4:e1880. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1880. eCollection 2016.
Background. A multidisciplinary approach seems to be effective in creating healthy habits in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three 5-month combined physical education (PE) and nutritional interventions on body composition, physical activity (PA) level, sedentary time and eating habits of schoolchildren. Methods. Anthropometric data, weekly PA level, sedentary time and eating habits of 230 healthy students were analysed using a repeated-measures ANOVA with Group (experimental group 1 vs experimental group 2 vs control group), Adiposity Status (under fat vs normal fat vs obese), and Time (pre vs post) as factors. Results. Body fat mass percentage increased after intervention (18.92 ± 8.61% vs 19.40 ± 8.51%) in all groups. The weekly PA level significantly increased after intervention in both experimental groups. Sedentary time significantly decreased after the intervention period (565.70 ± 252.93 vs 492.10 ± 230.97 min/week, p < 0.0001). Moreover, obese children were more sedentary than under fat and normal fat children. Children significantly changed the consumption of some specific foods after intervention. Discussion. This study revealed the effectiveness of a combined PE and nutritional intervention to improve children's healthful dietary practices and to encourage an active lifestyle. However, it needs a further appropriate development to establish patterns of healthful dietary practices that encourage an active lifestyle with which to maintain healthy habits through life.
背景。多学科方法似乎对培养儿童的健康习惯有效。本研究的目的是评估三种为期5个月的体育教育（PE）与营养干预相结合的措施对学童身体成分、身体活动（PA）水平、久坐时间和饮食习惯的效果。方法。以组（实验组1与实验组2与对照组）、肥胖状况（脂肪不足与正常脂肪与肥胖）和时间（干预前与干预后）为因素，采用重复测量方差分析对230名健康学生的人体测量数据、每周PA水平、久坐时间和饮食习惯进行分析。结果。所有组干预后身体脂肪质量百分比均增加（18.92±8.61%对19.40±8.51%）。两个实验组干预后每周PA水平均显著增加。干预期后久坐时间显著减少（565.70±252.93对492.10±230.97分钟/周，p<0.0001）。此外，肥胖儿童比脂肪不足和正常脂肪儿童久坐时间更长。干预后儿童对某些特定食物的摄入量有显著变化。讨论。本研究揭示了体育教育与营养干预相结合对改善儿童健康饮食习惯和鼓励积极生活方式的有效性。然而，需要进一步适当发展，以建立鼓励积极生活方式的健康饮食习惯模式，从而在一生中维持健康习惯。
