Yong Mei, Fischer Dorothee, Germann Christina, Lang Stefan, Vetter Céline, Oberlinner Christoph
a Occupational Medicine and Health Protection Department , BASF Societas Europaea , Ludwigshafen , Germany.
b Institute of Medical Psychology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany.
Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(6):721-9. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1167728. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
The present study investigates the impact of chronotype, social jetlag and sleep duration on self-perceived health, measured by Work Ability Index (WAI), within an industrial setting. Between 2011 and 2013, 2474 day and shift workers participated in a health check offered by an occupational health promotion program and filled out the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (adapted to the rotational 12-h schedule for shift workers) and the WAI. We computed sleep duration on work and free days, chronotype, and social jetlag. We used linear regression models to examine chronotype, sleep duration and social jetlag for association with the WAI sum score, and proportional odds models to estimate the combined effect of social jetlag and sleep duration. Participants reported an average daily sleep duration of 7.35 h (SD: 1.2 h), had an average chronotype of 3:08 a.m. (SD: 1 h), and the average social jetlag corresponded to 1.96 h (SD: 2.05 h). Increasing social jetlag and shorter sleep duration were independently associated with a decreasing WAI, while chronotype per se was not associated with WAI. Short sleep duration combined with high social jetlag significantly increased the risk of poor WAI (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.09-1.72), while long sleep duration and high social jetlag were not associated with poor WAI (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.88-1.35). Our results add to a growing body of literature, suggesting that circadian misalignment, but not chronotype per se, may be critical for health. Our results indicate that longer sleep may override the adverse effects of social jetlag on WAI.
本研究在工业环境中，调查了生物钟类型、社会时差和睡眠时间对通过工作能力指数（WAI）衡量的自我感知健康的影响。在2011年至2013年期间，2474名日班和轮班工人参加了一项由职业健康促进计划提供的健康检查，并填写了慕尼黑生物钟类型问卷（根据轮班工人的12小时轮班时间表进行了调整）和工作能力指数问卷。我们计算了工作日和休息日的睡眠时间、生物钟类型和社会时差。我们使用线性回归模型来检验生物钟类型、睡眠时间和社会时差与工作能力指数总分之间的关联，并使用比例优势模型来估计社会时差和睡眠时间的综合影响。参与者报告的平均每日睡眠时间为7.35小时（标准差：1.2小时），平均生物钟类型为凌晨3:08（标准差：1小时），平均社会时差相当于1.96小时（标准差：2.05小时）。社会时差增加和睡眠时间缩短与工作能力指数下降独立相关，而生物钟类型本身与工作能力指数无关。短睡眠时间与高社会时差相结合显著增加了工作能力指数差的风险（比值比=1.36；95%置信区间：1.09-1.72），而长睡眠时间和高社会时差与工作能力指数差无关（比值比=1.09；95%置信区间：0.88-1.35）。我们的研究结果进一步丰富了越来越多的文献，表明昼夜节律失调而非生物钟类型本身可能对健康至关重要。我们的结果表明，较长的睡眠时间可能会抵消社会时差对工作能力指数的不利影响。
