Beracochea Daniel, Krazem Ali, Henkouss Nadia, Haccard Guillaume, Roller Marc, Fromentin Emilie
INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, France.
NATUREX Inc., South Hackensack, NJ, USA.
Planta Med. 2016 Aug;82(13):1163-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-104419. Epub 2016 Apr 19.
The number of Americans older than 65 years old is projected to more than double in the next 40 years. Cognitive changes associated to aging can affect an adult's day-to-day functioning. Among these cognitive changes, reasoning, episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed decline gradually over time. Early memory changes include a decline in both working and episodic memory. The aim of the present study was to determine whether chronic (up to 75 days) daily administration of wild blueberry extract or a wild blueberry full spectrum powder would help prevent memory failure associated with aging in tasks involving various forms of memory. Both blueberry ingredients were used in a study comparing young mice (6 months old) to aged mice (18 months old). At this age, mice exhibit memory decline due to aging, which is exacerbated first by a loss in working and contextual (episodic-like) memory. Contextual memory (episodic-like memory) was evaluated using the contextual serial discrimination test. Working and spatial memory were evaluated using the Morris-Water maze test and the sequential alternation test. Statistical analysis was performed using an ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Supplementation with wild blueberry full spectrum powder and wild blueberry extract resulted in significant improvement of contextual memory, while untreated aged mice experienced a decline in such memory. Only the wild blueberry full spectrum powder significantly contributed to an improvement of spatial and working memory versus untreated aged mice. These improvements of cognitive performance may be related to brain oxidative status, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuroprotection, or attenuation of immunoreactivity.
预计在未来40年里，65岁以上的美国人数量将增加一倍多。与衰老相关的认知变化会影响成年人的日常功能。在这些认知变化中，推理、情景记忆、工作记忆和处理速度会随着时间的推移逐渐下降。早期记忆变化包括工作记忆和情景记忆的下降。本研究的目的是确定长期（长达75天）每日服用野生蓝莓提取物或野生蓝莓全谱粉是否有助于预防与衰老相关的记忆衰退，这些记忆衰退涉及各种形式的记忆任务。在一项将年轻小鼠（6个月大）与老年小鼠（18个月大）进行比较的研究中使用了这两种蓝莓成分。在这个年龄段，小鼠由于衰老而出现记忆衰退，工作记忆和情境（类似情景）记忆的丧失首先会加剧这种衰退。使用情境序列辨别测试评估情境记忆（类似情景记忆）。使用莫里斯水迷宫测试和序列交替测试评估工作记忆和空间记忆。使用方差分析和邦费罗尼事后检验进行统计分析。补充野生蓝莓全谱粉和野生蓝莓提取物可显著改善情境记忆，而未治疗的老年小鼠的这种记忆则会下降。与未治疗的老年小鼠相比，只有野生蓝莓全谱粉对空间记忆和工作记忆的改善有显著作用。这些认知表现的改善可能与大脑氧化状态、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性神经保护或免疫反应性的减弱有关。
