Horst N A, Reski R
Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2016 Jul;18(4):549-51. doi: 10.1111/plb.12468. Epub 2016 May 9.
Characteristically, land plants exhibit a life cycle with an 'alternation of generations' and thus alternate between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. At meiosis and fertilisation the transitions between these two ontogenies take place in distinct single stem cells. The evolutionary invention of an embryo, and thus an upright multicellular sporophyte, in the ancestor of land plants formed the basis for the evolution of increasingly complex plant morphologies shaping Earth's ecosystems. Recent research employing the moss Physcomitrella patens revealed the homeotic gene BELL1 as a master regulator of the gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition. Here, we discuss these findings in the context of classical botanical observations.
典型的陆地植物呈现出具有“世代交替”的生命周期，因此在单倍体配子体和二倍体孢子体之间交替。在减数分裂和受精过程中，这两种个体发育之间的转变发生在不同的单个干细胞中。陆地植物祖先中胚胎的进化发明，以及直立的多细胞孢子体，为塑造地球生态系统的日益复杂的植物形态的进化奠定了基础。最近利用小立碗藓进行的研究揭示了同源异型基因BELL1是配子体向孢子体转变的主要调节因子。在这里，我们结合经典植物学观察结果来讨论这些发现。
