Schubert Daniel
Department of Biology, Epigenetics of Plants, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
F1000Res. 2019 Mar 8;8. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16986.1. eCollection 2019.
Epigenetic gene regulation ensures the mitotically or meiotically stable heritability (or both) of gene expression or protein activity states and maintains repetitive element repression and cellular identities. The repressive Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins consist of several large complexes that control cellular memory by acting on chromatin and are antagonized by the Trithorax-group proteins. Especially, Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is highly conserved in plants and animals but its function in unicellular eukaryotes and during land plant evolution is less understood. Additional PcG complexes and associated proteins are only partially conserved and have evolved in a lineage-specific manner. In this review, I will focus on recent advances in the understanding of PcG function in the green lineage and its contribution to land plant evolution.
表观遗传基因调控确保了基因表达或蛋白质活性状态在有丝分裂或减数分裂过程中的稳定遗传性（或两者兼具），并维持重复元件抑制和细胞特性。抑制性多梳蛋白家族（PcG）由几种大型复合物组成，这些复合物通过作用于染色质来控制细胞记忆，并受到三胸蛋白家族蛋白的拮抗。特别是，多梳抑制复合物2（PRC2）在植物和动物中高度保守，但其在单细胞真核生物和陆地植物进化过程中的功能尚不太清楚。其他PcG复合物和相关蛋白仅部分保守，并以谱系特异性方式进化。在这篇综述中，我将重点关注绿色谱系中对PcG功能理解的最新进展及其对陆地植物进化的贡献。
