Gordon Tessa
Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, 06.9706 Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.
Hand Clin. 2016 May;32(2):103-17. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2015.12.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Poor functional outcomes are frequent after peripheral nerve injuries despite the regenerative support of Schwann cells. Motoneurons and, to a lesser extent, sensory neurons survive the injuries but outgrowth of axons across the injury site is slow. The neuronal regenerative capacity and the support of regenerating axons by the chronically denervated Schwann cells progressively declines with time and distance of the injury from the denervated targets. Strategies, including brief low-frequency electrical stimulation that accelerates target reinnervation and functional recovery, and the insertion of cross-bridges between a donor nerve and a recipient denervated nerve stump, are effective in promoting functional outcomes after complete and incomplete injuries.
尽管施万细胞具有再生支持作用，但周围神经损伤后功能预后不良仍很常见。运动神经元以及在较小程度上的感觉神经元在损伤中存活下来，但轴突跨越损伤部位的生长缓慢。神经元的再生能力以及慢性失神经支配的施万细胞对再生轴突的支持能力会随着损伤与失神经支配靶点之间的时间和距离而逐渐下降。包括加速靶点再支配和功能恢复的短暂低频电刺激，以及在供体神经和受体失神经支配神经残端之间插入跨桥等策略，在促进完全性和不完全性损伤后的功能预后方面是有效的。
