Jeihooni Ali Khani, Hidarnia Alireza, Kaveh Mohammad Hossein, Hajizadeh Ebrahim, Askari Alireza
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;21(2):131-41. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.178231.
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the health belief model (HBM) and social cognitive theory (SCT) for osteoporosis preventive nutritional behaviors in women.
In this quasi-experimental study, 120 patients who were women and registered under the health centers in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran were selected. A questionnaire consisting of HBM constructs and the constructs of self-regulation and social support from SCT was used to measure nutrition performance. Bone mineral density was recorded at the lumbar spine and femur. The intervention for the experimental group included 10 educational sessions of 55-60 min of speech, group discussion, questions and answers, as well as posters and educational pamphlets, film screenings, and PowerPoint displays. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 via Chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05.
After intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the HBM constructs, self-regulation, social support, and nutrition performance, compared to the control group. Six months after the intervention, the value of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) T-score increased to 0.127 in the experimental group, while it reduced to -0.043 in the control group. The value of the hip BMD T-score increased to 0.125 in the intervention group, but it decreased to -0.028 in the control group.
This study showed the effectiveness of HBM and constructs of self-regulation and social support on adoption of nutrition behaviors and increase in the bone density to prevent osteoporosis.
骨质疏松症是最常见的代谢性骨病。本研究旨在探讨健康信念模式（HBM）和社会认知理论（SCT）对女性骨质疏松症预防性营养行为的影响。
在这项准实验研究中，选取了120名伊朗法尔斯省法萨市健康中心登记在册的女性患者。使用一份包含HBM构建要素以及SCT自我调节和社会支持构建要素的问卷来衡量营养行为表现。记录腰椎和股骨的骨密度。实验组的干预措施包括10次时长为55 - 60分钟的教育课程，内容有演讲、小组讨论、问答，以及海报、教育手册、电影放映和PowerPoint展示。使用SPSS 19软件，通过卡方检验、独立t检验和重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）对数据进行分析，显著性水平设定为0.05。
干预后，与对照组相比，实验组在HBM构建要素、自我调节、社会支持和营养行为表现方面均有显著提高。干预6个月后，实验组腰椎骨密度（BMD）T值升至0.127，而对照组降至 - 0.043。干预组髋部BMD T值升至0.125，对照组降至 - 0.028。
本研究表明HBM以及自我调节和社会支持构建要素在促使女性采取营养行为及增加骨密度以预防骨质疏松症方面具有有效性。
