Erickson Julie, El-Gabalawy Renée, Palitsky Daniel, Patten Scott, Mackenzie Corey S, Stein Murray B, Sareen Jitender
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
Department of Clinical Health Psychology and Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
Depress Anxiety. 2016 Nov;33(11):1013-1022. doi: 10.1002/da.22515. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between educational attainment and psychiatric disorders (i.e., mood, anxiety, substance use, and personality disorders) using a nationally representative survey of US adults.
We used data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34,653). Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between educational attainment and a variety of past-year and incident anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders, controlling for sociodemographics and psychiatric disorder comorbidity.
Adjusted cross-sectional data indicated that educational attainment below a graduate or professional degree at Wave 2 was associated with significantly higher odds of substance use and/or dependence disorders (adjusted odds ratio range (AORR = 1.55-2.55, P < 0.001). Longitudinal adjusted regression analyses indicated that individuals reporting less than a college education at Wave 1 were at significantly higher odds of experiencing any incident mood (AORR 1.49-1.64, P < 0.01), anxiety (AORR 1.35-1.69, P < 0.01), and substance use disorder (AORR 1.50-2.02, P < 0.01) at Wave 2 even after controlling for other sociodemographic variables and psychiatric comorbidity.
Findings lend support to other published research demonstrating that educational attainment is protective against developing a spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Mechanisms underlying this relationship are speculative and in need of additional research.
本研究利用一项具有全国代表性的美国成年人调查，考察了教育程度与精神障碍（即情绪、焦虑、物质使用和人格障碍）之间的横断面和纵向关系。
我们使用了全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查第1波和第2波的数据（N = 34,653）。双变量和多元逻辑回归分析考察了教育程度与过去一年及新发的各种焦虑、情绪和物质使用障碍之间的横断面和纵向关联，并对社会人口统计学和精神障碍共病情况进行了控制。
调整后的横断面数据表明，在第2波调查中，研究生或专业学位以下的教育程度与物质使用和/或依赖障碍的显著较高几率相关（调整后的优势比范围（AORR = 1.55 - 2.55，P < 0.001）。纵向调整回归分析表明，在第1波报告大学教育程度以下的个体，即使在控制了其他社会人口统计学变量和精神共病情况后，在第2波经历任何新发情绪障碍（AORR 1.49 - 1.64，P < 0.01）、焦虑障碍（AORR 1.35 - 1.69，P < 0.01）和物质使用障碍（AORR 1.50 - 2.02，P < 0.01）的几率也显著更高。
研究结果支持了其他已发表的研究，表明教育程度对一系列精神障碍的发展具有保护作用。这种关系背后的机制具有推测性，需要进一步研究。
