Hu Shuangqing, Gu Hairong, Cui Chunyan, Ji Rong
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(15):15227-35. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6701-6. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Studies of the interaction and toxicity of pollutant combinations such as heavy metals and PAHs are of practical importance in the remediation and monitoring of the industrial soil environment. This study investigated the single and combined toxicity of chromium(VI) and phenanthrene on three important higher plants: mung beans (Phaseolus aureus), pakchoi cabbage (Brassica chinensis), and rice (Oryza sativa). In experiments using artificial soil matrix, the EC10 and EC20 of the two pollutants, alone and in combination, were analyzed with respect to seed germination, stem length, and above-ground fresh weight of these higher plants. The additive index method was used to evaluate the combined biological toxicity of chromium(VI) and phenanthrene. The results showed that the EC20 of chromium(VI) on the stem lengths of mung beans, pakchoi cabbage, and rice was 289, 248, and 550 mg kg(-1), respectively. The corresponding EC20 values for the fresh weights of the three plants were 334, 307, and 551 mg kg(-1). The EC20 of phenanthrene on the stem lengths of mung beans, pakchoi cabbage, and rice was 528, 426, and 628 mg kg(-1), respectively. The corresponding EC20 values for the fresh weights of the three plants were 696, 585, and 768 mg kg(-1). The EC20 of a combination of chromium(VI) and phenanthrene on the stem lengths of mung beans, pakchoi cabbage, and rice was 192, 173, and 279 mg kg(-1), respectively, and 200, 205, and 271 mg kg(-1) for the fresh weights of the three plants. The single and combined exposure of soil to chromium(VI) and phenanthrene had deleterious effects on plants in the early stage of growth. Overall, pakchoi cabbage was more sensitive than mung beans and rice. The two pollutants exerted synergistic effects on the stem lengths and above-ground fresh weights of both mung beans and rice but antagonistic effects on pakchoi cabbage. The results of this study also suggested pakchoi cabbage as a sensitive indicator of soil pollution.
对重金属和多环芳烃等污染物组合的相互作用及毒性进行研究，在工业土壤环境的修复和监测中具有实际意义。本研究调查了六价铬和菲对三种重要高等植物的单一毒性和联合毒性，这三种植物分别是绿豆（Phaseolus aureus）、小白菜（Brassica chinensis）和水稻（Oryza sativa）。在使用人工土壤基质的实验中，针对这些高等植物的种子萌发、茎长和地上部鲜重，分析了两种污染物单独及联合作用时的EC10和EC20。采用相加指数法评估六价铬和菲的联合生物毒性。结果表明，六价铬对绿豆、小白菜和水稻茎长的EC20分别为289、248和550 mg kg(-1)。三种植物鲜重的相应EC20值分别为334、307和551 mg kg(-1)。菲对绿豆、小白菜和水稻茎长的EC20分别为528、426和628 mg kg(-1)。三种植物鲜重的相应EC20值分别为696、585和768 mg kg(-1)。六价铬和菲组合对绿豆、小白菜和水稻茎长的EC20分别为192、173和279 mg kg(-1)，对三种植物鲜重的EC20分别为200、205和271 mg kg(-1)。土壤中六价铬和菲的单一及联合暴露对植物生长早期有有害影响。总体而言，小白菜比绿豆和水稻更敏感。两种污染物对绿豆和水稻的茎长及地上部鲜重均表现出协同作用，但对小白菜表现出拮抗作用。本研究结果还表明小白菜可作为土壤污染的敏感指示植物。
