State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-3001, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Aug 15;562:353-363. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.221. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
Alpine ecosystems are known to be sensitive to climate change and human disturbances. However, the knowledge about the changes of their underground microbial communities is inadequate. We explored the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities using Ilumina MiSeq sequencing in native alpine grasslands (i.e. the alpine meadow, alpine steppe) and cultivated grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) under three-year treatments of overgrazing, warming and enhanced rainfall. Enhanced rainfall rather than warming significantly reduced soil microbial diversity in native alpine grasslands. Variable warming significantly reduced it in the cultivated grassland. Over 20% and 40% variations of microbial diversity could be explained by soil nutrients and moisture in the alpine meadow and cultivated grassland, separately. Soil microbial communities could be clustered into different groups according to different treatments in the alpine meadow and cultivated grassland. For the alpine steppe, with the lowest soil nutrients and moistures, <10% variations of microbial diversity was explained by soil properties; and the soil microbial communities among different treatments were similar. The soil microbial community in the cultivated grassland was varied from it in native grasslands. Over 50% variations of soil microbial communities among different treatments were explained by soil nutrients and moisture in each grassland type. Our results suggest that climate change and human activities strongly affected soil microbial communities by changing soil nutrients and moistures in alpine grassland ecosystems.
高山生态系统对气候变化和人类干扰很敏感。然而，关于它们地下微生物群落变化的知识还不够充分。我们使用 Illumina MiSeq 测序技术，在青藏高原（QTP）的原生高山草地（即高山草甸、高山草原）和人工草地中，对经过三年过度放牧、增温、增强降水处理后的土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性和结构进行了研究。与增温相比，增强降水显著降低了原生高山草地的土壤微生物多样性。而可变增温则显著降低了人工草地的土壤微生物多样性。在高山草甸和人工草地中，土壤养分和水分分别可以解释微生物多样性变化的 20%和 40%以上。土壤微生物群落可以根据不同的处理在高山草甸和人工草地中聚类成不同的组。对于土壤养分和水分最低的高山草原，土壤性质只能解释微生物多样性<10%的变化；而且不同处理之间的土壤微生物群落相似。人工草地的土壤微生物群落与原生草地的土壤微生物群落不同。在每个草地类型中，土壤养分和水分变化可以解释 50%以上的不同处理之间土壤微生物群落的变化。我们的研究结果表明，气候变化和人类活动通过改变高山草地生态系统的土壤养分和水分，强烈影响了土壤微生物群落。
