Cavalcante Fernando Gouveia, Bandeira Leonardo Lima, Faria Christiana Mara de Assis, Mesquita Ariel de Figueiredo Nogueira, Matos Neto João Moreira de, Martins Claudia Miranda, Martins Suzana Claudia Silveira
National Institute of Science and Technology/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (INCT/MAPA), Aracaju 49065-310, Brazil.
Graduate Course of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60355-636, Brazil.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Apr 9;14(4):390. doi: 10.3390/biology14040390.
Evaluating microbial community changes in soils allows the understanding of ecoevolutionary dynamics, providing information on microbiome responses to anthropological interferences, reduced biodiversity, and climatic changes. The actinobacteria phylum plays crucial roles from an ecological point of view and is the focus of the present study, which tracked changes in the actinobacterial communities from Brazilian Cerrado soil in an environmental protection unit, based on different land uses. The evaluation of 16S rRNA and further taxonomical clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated Actinomycetales as the main order within all land uses, ranging from 45.4-70.1%, with Micrococales and Rubrobacterales being found only in agricultural soils. The evaluation of taxonomical classes revealed Actinobacteria as the main representative in all land uses (45.5-70.4%), with a paired coprevalence of Thermoleophilia (43.4%) in secondary soils, a taxon associated with phosphorus-deficient grounds. The unraveling of families and genera was most challenging due to the OTUs' dispersion given the volume of data, coupled with a high percentage of unidentified genera (71.6-86.1%), mainly in conserved and preserved areas. The reduced biodiversity, reduced undescribed taxa, and enhanced potentially pathogenic strains in anthropogenic affected sites, which suffer more from climatic changes, denote the harm that human activity causes to microbiological diversity.
评估土壤中微生物群落的变化有助于理解生态进化动态，提供有关微生物群落对人为干扰、生物多样性减少和气候变化的响应信息。从生态学角度来看，放线菌门起着至关重要的作用，是本研究的重点。本研究基于不同土地利用方式，追踪了巴西塞拉多土壤中环境保护单元内放线菌群落的变化。对16S rRNA的评估以及对操作分类单元（OTU）的进一步分类聚类表明，放线菌目是所有土地利用方式中的主要目，占比45.4%-70.1%，微球菌目和红杆菌目仅在农业土壤中被发现。对分类类别的评估显示，放线菌是所有土地利用方式中的主要代表（45.5%-70.4%），在次生土壤中与嗜热菌（43.4%）存在配对共现，嗜热菌是一种与缺磷土壤相关的分类单元。由于数据量导致OTU分散，加上未鉴定属的比例很高（71.6%-86.1%），主要在保护区和保存区，因此对科和属的解析极具挑战性。在受人为影响且受气候变化影响更大的地区，生物多样性降低、未描述的分类单元减少以及潜在致病菌株增加，这表明人类活动对微生物多样性造成了损害。
