Latvala Antti, Kuja-Halkola Ralf, D'Onofrio Brian M, Larsson Henrik, Lichtenstein Paul
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Addiction. 2016 Oct;111(10):1814-22. doi: 10.1111/add.13440. Epub 2016 May 29.
To investigate the association in males between cognitive ability in late adolescence and subsequent substance misuse-related events, and to study the underlying genetic and environmental correlations.
A population-based longitudinal study with three different family-based designs. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to investigate the association at the individual level. Bivariate quantitative genetic modelling in (1) full brothers and maternal half-brothers, (2) full brothers reared together and apart and (3) monozygotic and dizygotic twin brothers was used to estimate genetic and environmental correlations.
Register-based study in Sweden.
The full sample included 1 402 333 Swedish men born 1958-91 and conscripted at mean age 18.2 [standard deviation (SD) = 0.5] years. A total of 1 361 066 men who had no substance misuse events before cognitive assessment at mandatory military conscription were included in the Cox regression models, with a follow-up time of up to 35.6 years.
Cognitive ability was assessed at conscription with the Swedish Enlistment Battery. Substance misuse events included alcohol- and drug-related court convictions, medical treatments and deaths, available from governmental registries.
Lower cognitive ability in late adolescence predicted an increased risk for substance misuse events [hazard ratio (HR) for a 1-stanine unit decrease in cognitive ability: 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-1.30]. The association was somewhat attenuated within clusters of full brothers (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.20-1.23). Quantitative genetic analyses indicated that the association was due primarily to genetic influences; the genetic correlations ranged between -0.39 (95% CI = -0.45, -0.34) and -0.52 (95% CI -0.55, -0.48) in the three different designs.
Shared genetic influences appear to underlie the association between low cognitive ability and subsequent risk for substance misuse events among Swedish men.
研究男性青春期晚期认知能力与随后物质滥用相关事件之间的关联，并探讨潜在的遗传和环境相关性。
一项基于人群的纵向研究，采用三种不同的基于家庭的设计。使用Cox比例风险模型在个体层面研究这种关联。通过对（1）全兄弟和母系半兄弟、（2）共同抚养和分开抚养的全兄弟以及（3）同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎兄弟进行双变量定量遗传建模，来估计遗传和环境相关性。
瑞典基于登记的研究。
完整样本包括1958年至1991年出生、平均征兵年龄为18.2岁[标准差（SD）=0.5]的1402333名瑞典男性。共有1361066名在义务兵役制认知评估前没有物质滥用事件的男性被纳入Cox回归模型，随访时间长达35.6年。
征兵时使用瑞典入伍测试电池评估认知能力。物质滥用事件包括与酒精和药物相关的法庭定罪、医疗治疗和死亡情况，这些信息可从政府登记处获取。
青春期晚期较低的认知能力预示着物质滥用事件风险增加[认知能力每降低1个斯坦尼单位的风险比（HR）：1.29，95%置信区间（CI）=1.29 - 1.30]。在全兄弟群体中，这种关联有所减弱（HR = 1.21，95% CI = 1.20 - 1.23）。定量遗传分析表明，这种关联主要是由遗传影响导致的；在三种不同设计中，遗传相关性在 -0.39（95% CI = -0.45， -0.34）至 -0.52（95% CI -0.55， -0.48）之间。
共同的遗传影响似乎是瑞典男性认知能力低与随后物质滥用事件风险之间关联的基础。
