Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychol Med. 2022 Feb;52(3):496-505. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720002135. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Genetically informed studies have provided mixed findings as to what extent parental substance misuse is associated with offspring substance misuse and antisocial behavior due to shared environmental and genetic factors.
We linked data from nationwide registries for a cohort of 2 476 198 offspring born in Sweden 1958-1995 and their parents. Substance misuse was defined as International Classification of Diseases diagnoses of alcohol/drug use disorders or alcohol/drug-related criminal convictions. Quantitative genetic offspring-of-siblings analyses in offspring of monozygotic and dizygotic twin, full-sibling, and half-sibling parents were conducted.
Both maternal and paternal substance misuse were robustly associated with offspring substance misuse [maternal adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-1.87); paternal aHR = 1.96 (1.94-1.98)] and criminal convictions [maternal aHR = 1.56 (1.54-1.58); paternal aHR = 1.66 (1.64-1.67)]. Additive genetic effects explained 42% (95% CI 25-56%) and 46% (36-55%) of the variance in maternal and paternal substance misuse, respectively, and between 36 and 44% of the variance in substance misuse and criminality in offspring. The associations between parental substance misuse and offspring outcomes were mostly due to additive genetic effects, which explained 54-85% of the parent-offspring covariance. However, both nuclear and extended family environmental factors also contributed to the associations, especially with offspring substance misuse.
Our findings from a large offspring-of-siblings study indicate that shared genetic influences mostly explain the associations between parental substance misuse and both offspring substance misuse and criminality, but we also found evidence for the contribution of environmental factors shared by members of nuclear and extended families.
由于共同的环境和遗传因素，遗传信息研究对父母滥用药物在多大程度上与子女滥用药物和反社会行为有关提供了混合结果。
我们将来自瑞典全国登记册的数据与 1958-1995 年间出生的 2476198 名子女及其父母的队列数据相联系。滥用药物的定义是国际疾病分类诊断的酒精/药物使用障碍或酒精/药物相关的刑事定罪。对同卵和异卵双胞胎、全兄弟姐妹和半兄弟姐妹父母的子女进行了数量遗传子女同胞分析。
母亲和父亲的滥用药物都与子女的滥用药物（母亲调整后的危险比[aHR] = 1.83（95%置信区间[CI]为 1.80-1.87）；父亲 aHR = 1.96（1.94-1.98））和刑事定罪（母亲 aHR = 1.56（1.54-1.58）；父亲 aHR = 1.66（1.64-1.67））密切相关。遗传效应分别解释了母亲和父亲滥用药物的 42%（95% CI 25-56%）和 46%（36-55%）的方差，以及子女滥用药物和犯罪的 36-44%的方差。父母滥用药物与子女结果之间的关联主要是由于遗传效应，它解释了父母-子女协方差的 54-85%。然而，核和扩展家庭的环境因素也对这些关联做出了贡献，尤其是与子女的药物滥用有关。
我们从一项大型子女同胞研究中的发现表明，共同的遗传影响在很大程度上解释了父母滥用药物与子女滥用药物和犯罪之间的关联，但我们也发现了核家庭和扩展家庭成员之间共享环境因素的贡献的证据。
