Karagas Margaret R, Punshon Tracy, Sayarath Vicki, Jackson Brian P, Folt Carol L, Cottingham Kathryn L
Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire2Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire3Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Jun 1;170(6):609-16. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0120.
Rice-a typical first food and major ingredient in various infant foods-contains inorganic arsenic (As), but the extent of As exposure from these foods has not been well characterized in early childhood.
To determine the types and frequency of rice and rice-containing products consumed by infants in the first year of life and the association with As biomarker concentrations.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Included were infants from singleton births of pregnant women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from 2011 to 2014 whose parents were interviewed during their first year of life. Enrolled women from selected clinics were aged 18 to 45 years, living in the same residence since their last menstrual period, in households served by a private water system, and had no plans to move during pregnancy. Data on infants' intake of rice and rice products were collected from interviews with their parents at 4, 8, and 12 months' follow-up and from a 3-day food diary at 12 months from March 2013 to August 2014.
Infants' intake of rice and rice products.
Total urinary As and the sum of As species measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Commonly reported infant rice snacks were tested for As.
We obtained dietary data on 759 of 951 infants (79.8% participation rate). Of these, 391 infants (51.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) gestational age was 39.4 (1.7) weeks. An estimated 80% were introduced to rice cereal during their first year. At 12 months, 32.6% of infants (42 of 129) were fed rice snacks. Among infants aged 12 months who did not eat fish or seafood, the geometric mean total urinary As concentrations were higher among those who ate infant rice cereal (9.53 µg/L) or rice snacks (4.97 µg/L) compared with those who did not eat rice or rice products (2.85 µg/L; all P < .01). Infant rice snacks contained between 36 and 568 ng/g of As and 5 to 201 ng/g of inorganic As.
Our findings indicate that intake of rice cereal and other rice-containing foods, such as rice snacks, contribute to infants' As exposure and suggest that efforts should be made to reduce As exposure during this critical phase of development.
大米是典型的第一种食物，也是各类婴儿食品中的主要成分，含有无机砷（As），但幼儿从这些食品中接触砷的程度尚未得到充分描述。
确定婴儿出生后第一年食用大米及含大米产品的种类和频率，以及与砷生物标志物浓度的关联。
设计、地点和参与者：纳入了2011年至2014年参加新罕布什尔州出生队列研究的单胎孕妇所生的婴儿，在其出生后第一年对其父母进行了访谈。从选定诊所招募的孕妇年龄在18至45岁之间，自末次月经以来一直居住在同一住所，家庭使用私人供水系统，且孕期无搬家计划。在婴儿4、8和12个月随访时通过与父母访谈收集婴儿大米及大米制品摄入量数据，并在2013年3月至2014年8月期间在12个月时通过3天食物日记收集相关数据。
婴儿大米及大米制品的摄入量。
使用电感耦合质谱法和电感耦合质谱联用高效液相色谱法测量尿总砷及砷形态总和。对常见的婴儿大米零食进行砷检测。
我们获得了951名婴儿中759名（参与率79.8%）的饮食数据。其中，391名婴儿（51.7%）为男性，平均（标准差）胎龄为39.4（1.7）周。估计80%的婴儿在出生后第一年开始食用米粉。在12个月时，32.6%的婴儿（129名中的42名）食用大米零食。在12个月未食用鱼类或海鲜的婴儿中，食用婴儿米粉（9.53μg/L）或大米零食（4.97μg/L）的婴儿尿总砷几何平均浓度高于未食用大米或大米制品的婴儿（2.85μg/L；所有P＜0.01）。婴儿大米零食中砷含量在36至568ng/g之间，无机砷含量在5至201ng/g之间。
我们的研究结果表明，摄入米粉和其他含大米食物（如大米零食）会导致婴儿接触砷，并建议在这一关键发育阶段应努力减少砷暴露。
