Romero A, Novoa B, Figueras A
Marine Research Institute, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2016 Sep;62:29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.04.018. Epub 2016 Apr 23.
The Mediterranean sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) is of great ecological and economic importance for the European aquaculture. Yet, most of the studies regarding echinoderm's immunological defense mechanisms reported so far have used the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus as a model, and information on the immunological defense mechanisms of Paracentrotus lividus and other sea urchins, is scarce. To remedy this gap in information, in this study, flow cytometry was used to evaluate several cellular immune mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, cell cooperation, and ROS production in P. lividus coelomocytes after PAMP stimulation. Two cell populations were described. Of the two, the amoeboid-phagocytes were responsible for the phagocytosis and ROS production. Cooperation between amoeboid-phagocytes and non-adherent cells resulted in an increased phagocytic response. Stimulation with several PAMPs modified the phagocytic activity and the production of ROS. The premise that the coelomocytes were activated by the bacterial components was confirmed by the expression levels of two cell mediated immune genes: LPS-Induced TNF-alpha Factor (LITAF) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). These results have helped us understand the cellular immune mechanisms in P. lividus and their modulation after PAMP stimulation.
地中海海胆（Paracentrotus lividus）对欧洲水产养殖具有重要的生态和经济意义。然而，迄今为止，大多数关于棘皮动物免疫防御机制的研究都以紫海胆（Strongylocentrotus purpuratus）为模型，关于Paracentrotus lividus和其他海胆免疫防御机制的信息很少。为了弥补这一信息空白，在本研究中，使用流式细胞术评估了几种细胞免疫机制，例如在PAMP刺激后Paracentrotus lividus体腔细胞中的吞噬作用、细胞合作和ROS产生。描述了两个细胞群体。在这两个群体中，变形吞噬细胞负责吞噬作用和ROS产生。变形吞噬细胞与非粘附细胞之间的合作导致吞噬反应增强。用几种PAMP刺激改变了吞噬活性和ROS的产生。两个细胞介导免疫基因：LPS诱导的TNF-α因子（LITAF）和巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（MIF）的表达水平证实了体腔细胞被细菌成分激活的前提。这些结果有助于我们了解Paracentrotus lividus中的细胞免疫机制及其在PAMP刺激后的调节。
